Nanometals-Containing Polymeric Membranes for Purification Processes

Abstract

A recent trend in the field of membrane research is the incorporation of nanoparticles into polymeric membranes, which could produce synergistic effects when using different types of materials. This paper discusses the effect of the introduction of different nanometals such as silver, iron, silica, aluminum, titanium, zinc, and copper and their oxides on the permeability, selectivity, hydrophilicity, conductivity, mechanical strength, thermal stability, and antiviral and antibacterial properties of polymeric membranes. The effects of nanoparticle physicochemical properties, type, size, and concentration on a membrane’s intrinsic properties such as pore morphology, porosity, pore size, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, membrane surface charge, and roughness are discussed, and the performance of nanocomposite membranes in terms of flux permeation, contaminant rejection, and antifouling capability are reviewed. The wide range of nanocomposite membrane applications including desalination and removal of various contaminants in water-treatment processes are discussed.

Removal of Scale-Forming Ions and Oil Traces from Oil Field Produced Water Using Graphene Oxide/Polyethersulfone and TiO2 Nanoribbons/Polyethersulfone Nanofiltration Membranes

“…The effective synthesizing of the GO nanostructure is confirmed by the TEM image in Figure 3C. By oxidizing graphene extensively, the graphitic stack's flakes were chemically exfoliated into mono-and multilayer sheets [52,53]. 004), ( 401), (020), (−314), ( 214), ( 015), (420), and (520) orientations (card No.…”

“…The effective synthesizing of the GO nanostructure is confirmed by the TEM image in Figure 3C. By oxidizing graphene extensively, the graphitic stack's flakes were chemically exfoliated into mono-and multilayer sheets [52,53]. The hydrophilic character of the added GO and TNR nanomaterial, which promotes solvent and non-solvent mass transfer rates, is credited with the creation of nanopores and macro voids [46][47][48].…”

Recent Advances in Functional Polymer Materials for Energy, Water, and Biomedical Applications: A Review

“…Other useful applications are nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes for the removal of dissolved salts from water. Polysulphone (PS) and poly(ethersulphone) (PES) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) are some examples of the materials that are used as a membranes or membrane substrate for NF or RO applications [272][273][274]. Polyamide or cellulose acetate are examples of polymeric materials that are used for fabricating composite membrane for reverse osmosis or nanofiltration [275][276][277].…”

Advanced Polymeric Nanocomposite Membranes for Water and Wastewater Treatment: A Comprehensive Review

“…Membrane technology has become indispensable in numerous industries such as food [ 24 ], pharmacy [ 25 ], textile [ 26 ], petroleum products [ 27 ], chemicals [ 28 ], lithium ion batteries [ 29 ], fuel cells [ 30 ], gas separation [ 31 ], and wastewater and drinking water treatment systems [ 32 , 33 ]. Compared to all other conventional water treatment methods, membrane technologies offer affordable solutions that support excellent contaminant rejection, low energy consumption, and easy availability of raw materials [ 34 , 35 ].…”