Nanometerization of thiamethoxam by a cationic star polymer nanocarrier efficiently enhances the contact and plant‐uptake dependent stomach toxicity against green peach aphids

Abstract

BACKGROUND The utilization efficiency of conventional insecticides is comparatively low in agricultural production, which leads to their excessive application and environmental pollution. Insecticide nanometerization by polymers and polymeric materials has advantages, particularly increased utilization efficiency and reduced insecticide application. RESULTS To increase the utilization efficiency of insecticides, a star polycation (SPc) was selected as a drug carrier that could be complexed with thiamethoxam through electrostatic interaction. Formation of the complex decreased the particle size of thiamethoxam from 575.77 to 116.16 nm in aqueous solution. Plant uptake of SPc‐delivered thiamethoxam was increased 1.69–1.84 times compared with thiamethoxam alone. Nano‐sized thiamethoxam/SPc complexes showed enhanced contact and stomach toxicity against green peach aphids. CONCLUSION SPc is a promising insecticide adjuvant for insecticide nanometerization, and is beneficial in improving insecticidal activity and decreasing the application amounts and application rates of conventional insecticides. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

Visualization of the Process of a Nanocarrier-Mediated Gene Delivery: Stabilization, Endocytosis, Endosomal Escape and Exocytosis of Genes for Intercellular Spreading

“…54 Based on the chemical structure, multifunctional SPc can be complexed with exogenous substances through various interaction forces such as hydrogen bond and van der Waals force with chitosan, electrostatic interaction with eugenol, thiamethoxam and osthole, and hydrophobic interaction with matrine. [55][56][57][58] Different self-assembly mechanisms of SPc with exogenous substances are bene cial for expanding the application area of SPc.…”

Nano-Insecticides Against the Black Cutworm Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Toxicity, Development, Enzyme activity, and DNA Mutagenicity

“…The obtained precipitation was filtered and washed methodically with deionized water in a mixed water/toluene system, then washed with ionized water for 3 hours. The precipitation was mixed with oxalic acid 1 M and trimethylammoniumbromide compound solution (molar ratio 1:3) under slow stirring at Effects of chlorantraniliprole and thiocyclam and their nano-form on Agrotis ipsilon 7 33 C for 6 hours. Afterwards, drop benzene sulphonate (molar ratio 2:3) was added, and the resulting solution was kept at 1.5 psi pressure for days discontinuously (7 hours per day).…”

“…Nanoparticle technology could develop through two distinct mechanisms: (a) supplyingsingularcrop protection or (b) ascarriers for existing pesticides [6]. Generally, nanopesticides are defined as any pesticide formulation of nano-sized, insecticide particles or small, engineered structures with pesticide properties [7,8]. Nanopesticides have several advantages, including increased potency and durability, and a reduced amount of active ingredients [9].…”

“…Nanopesticides have several advantages, including increased potency and durability, and a reduced amount of active ingredients [9]. They are also considered to be a promising solution for the reduction of the environmental footprint left by chemical pesticides [7]. The increasing interest in the use of nanopesticides raises questions about their fate, toxicity, and biodegradation [10], as well as how to assess the environmental risk of these materials.…”

Smartphone-based molecularly imprinted sensors for rapid detection of thiamethoxam residues and applications

“…Thiamethoxam is a highly effective, low toxic and broad-spectrum neonicotinoid insecticide with a novel structure, which has good gastric toxicity, contact toxicity and endotoxic activity [ 1 , 2 ]. It is mainly used for the effective control of Thripidae, Aphidoidea, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) and other pests on fruit trees, vegetables and other crops [ 3 , 4 ].…”