Nanoparticle formulated vaccines: opportunities and challenges

Lung, Pingsai; Yang, Jingnan; Li, Quan

doi:10.1039/c9nr08958f

Cited by 85 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…However, the genetic reversion of attenuated vaccines or infection of immunocompromised hosts, as well as the likely tumorgenicity of deactivated viruses, are essential safety issues. In addition, all microorganisms cannot be used as live vaccines, since some of them are extremely virulent and others are intrinsically immune evasive [175,176].…”

Section: Development Of Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, nanoparticles have caught attention as a promising approach to the development of a new generation of vaccines, since the nanoparticles can both serve as a carrier for the antigen and behave as an adjuvant in many cases. In addition, nano-based vaccines can protect antigens against premature degradation and provide sustained release, enhanced antigen stability, and provide targeted delivery of an immunogen, as well as increase the period of antigen exposure and uptake by antigen presenting cells (APCs) [42,175]. Furthermore, nanoparticles are able to interact with immune machineries, inducing cellular and humoral immunological responses.…”

Section: Nano-based Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How can nanotechnology help to combat COVID-19? Opportunities and urgent need

et al. 2020

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Incidents of viral outbreaks have increased at an alarming rate over the past decades. The most recent human coronavirus known as COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) has already spread around the world and shown R 0 values from 2.2 to 2.68. However, the ratio between mortality and number of infections seems to be lower in this case in comparison to other human coronaviruses (such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)). These outbreaks have tested the limits of healthcare systems and have posed serious questions about management using conventional therapies and diagnostic tools. In this regard, the use of nanotechnology offers new opportunities for the development of novel strategies in terms of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 and other viral infections. In this review, we discuss the use of nanotechnology for COVID-19 virus management by the development of nano-based materials, such as disinfectants, personal protective equipment, diagnostic systems and nanocarrier systems, for treatments and vaccine development, as well as the challenges and drawbacks that need addressing.

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Section: Development Of Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nano-based Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How can nanotechnology help to combat COVID-19? Opportunities and urgent need

et al. 2020

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“… 9 Novavax is currently developing COVID-19 vaccines using VLPs with full-length glycoproteins adjuvanted with Matrix M1. 118 , 123 , 130 Jung et al also used MERS-CoV spike protein NPs with alum to induce specific IgG antibodies in mice. 11 The spike protein NPs had a diameter of 35 nm, which increased to 80 nm when the NPs were formulated with alum.…”

Section: Nanoparticles As Immunogenic Agents For Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For cell-specific targeted vaccination strategies, NPs with dimensions of ∼100 nm have been generally found to be good for cellular uptake by DCs via phagocytosis, since they resemble the natural targets for DCs, such as viruses or bacteria. 118 Several studies have found that the submicron size is optimal for mucosal cell uptake and that NPs less than 200 nm in size are more readily transported by draining lymph nodes. 140 NPs with sizes of 20–200 nm have long circulation times and become enriched in lymph nodes, leading to enhanced lymphatic transport, allowing direct access to lymphoid-node-resistant DCs.…”

Section: Nanoparticles As Immunogenic Agents For Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticle-Based Strategies to Combat COVID-19

Medhi

Srinoi

Ngo

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

178

161

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the worst pandemic disease of the current millennium. This disease is caused by the highly contagious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which first exhibited human-to-human transmission in December 2019 and has infected millions of people within months across 213 different countries. Its ability to be transmitted by asymptomatic carriers has put a massive strain on the currently available testing resources. Currently, there are no clinically proven therapeutic methods that clearly inhibit the effects of this virus, and COVID-19 vaccines are still in the development phase. Strategies need to be explored to expand testing capacities, to develop effective therapeutics, and to develop safe vaccines that provide lasting immunity. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used in many medical applications, such as biosensing, drug delivery, imaging, and antimicrobial treatment. SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped virus with particle-like characteristics and a diameter of 60–140 nm. Synthetic NPs can closely mimic the virus and interact strongly with its proteins due to their morphological similarities. Hence, NP-based strategies for tackling this virus have immense potential. NPs have been previously found to be effective tools against many viruses, especially against those from the Coronaviridae family. This Review outlines the role of NPs in diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccination for the other two epidemic coronaviruses, the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus and the 2012 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) virus. We also highlight nanomaterial-based approaches to address other coronaviruses, such as human coronaviruses (HCoVs); feline coronavirus (FCoV); avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV); coronavirus models, such as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV); and other viruses that share similarities with SARS-CoV-2. This Review combines the salient principles from previous antiviral studies with recent research conducted on SARS-CoV-2 to outline NP-based strategies that can be used to combat COVID-19 and similar pandemics in the future.

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“…In terms of SARS-CoV-2, mRNA-based nanovaccines have been developed using LNPs as carriers to protect mRNAs from degradation by extracellular RNases and to efficiently deliver mRNAs to immune cells and thereby trigger the translation of antigen proteins [ [115] , [116] , [117] , [118] ]. Moreover, the sustained release of mRNAs from LNPs leads to continuous protein translation, stimulating the production of high antibody titers and enhanced B cell and T cell immune responses [ 119 ].…”

Section: Nano-based Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%