Nanoparticle technology for treatment of Parkinson's disease: the role of surface phenomena in reaching the brain

Evaluation of anti-cancer properties of pegylated ethosomal paclitaxel on human melanoma cell line SKMEL- 3

“…They are essentially macromolecules in that an active substance (drug or bioactive material) is entrapped, dissolved, encapsulated or attached to them [1]. Nanoparticles can produce controlled release, mask physicochemical properties, reduce drug toxicity and improve bioavailability, efficacy and biodistribution of the active substance [2].…”

Intranasal delivery of rotigotine to the brain with lactoferrin-modified PEG-PLGA nanoparticles for Parkinson’s disease treatment

“…The zeta potentials were within the range of −20 mV to −22 mV, which enabled more stable and efficient NP transfer. 2 TEM analysis confirmed that the NPs had a uniform spherical morphology, as shown in Figure 2. However, the particle size was less than that measured by DLS (Table 3).…”

“…However, patients gradually develop tolerance to the therapeutic benefits of levodopa, and its use is related to some harmful side effects, including response fluctuations (wearing off) and levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). 2,4 Therefore, novel strategies that focus on sustained drug release are required to decrease the occurrence of LID and attain continuous dopaminergic stimulation (CDS). 5 Rotigotine was initially developed as an adjuvant treatment for early, secondary and advanced PD.…”

“…1 Because of the aging population and longer life expectancy, the incidence of PD is expected to increase. 2 Currently available antiparkinsonian drugs include dopamine agonists (eg, apomorphine), monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors and cholinesterase inhibitors (eg, donepezil). 3 Among these drugs, the most commonly used is levodopa, which alleviates the symptoms and improves the quality of life of patients for several years.…”

Catechol Tetrahydroisoquinolines Enhance a-Synuclein Aggregation and Specify the Neurotoxicity to Dopaminergic Neurons

“…This figure was originated from Deng et al [78] with permission were exposed to Trichloroethylene (TCE), one kind of solvents, they showed the nigrostriatal degeneration, the onset of parkinsonian features, a loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons and increased nigral accumulation of α-syn [108,109]. Now, nanoparticles (NPs) have been used as new approaches for the treatment of PD [110,111]. However, in some conditions, the NPs can induce the adverse effect on the DA neurons and may accelerate the development of PD possibly through decreasing DA concentration and TH levels, increasing oxidative stress, changing mitochondrial metabolism, inhibiting cell proliferation and enhancing cell apoptosis [112][113][114].…”