Nanoparticle transport in a realistic model of the tracheobronchial region

Comerford, Andrew; Bauer, G.; Wall, Wolfgang A.

doi:10.1002/cnm.1390

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Airflow 17,18,32 and particle deposition 13,25,35 in the lung were shown to be highly dependent on geometry and flow asymmetry 8 . Boundary conditions that describe the upstream and downstream mechanics outside of the 3D domain must be defined on the inlets and outlets for all CFD simulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Constant pressure 17,26,46 or flow rate 11,32 boundary conditions are typically implemented at the distal airway outlets. However, as the flow patterns change in time, CFD simulations should model the breathing unsteadiness, to determine airflow 30 and particle 13 deposition patterns in the lung. Thus, appropriate boundary conditions must be devised.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Airflow and Particle Deposition Simulations in Health and Emphysema: From In Vivo to In Silico Animal Experiments

et al. 2013

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Image-based in-silico modeling tools provide detailed velocity and particle deposition data. However, care must be taken when prescribing boundary conditions to model lung physiology in health or disease, such as in emphysema. In this study, the respiratory resistance and compliance were obtained by solving an inverse problem; a 0D global model based on healthy and emphysematous rat experimental data. Multi-scale CFD simulations were performed by solving the 3D Navier Stokes equations in an MRI-derived rat geometry coupled to a 0D model. Particles with 0.95 μm diameter were tracked and their distribution in the lung was assessed. Seven 3D-0D simulations were performed: healthy, homogeneous, and five heterogeneous emphysema cases. Compliance (C) was significantly higher (p = 0.04) in the emphysematous rats (C=0.37±0.14cm3cmH2O) compared to the healthy rats (C=0.25±0.04cm3cmH2O), while the resistance remained unchanged (p=0.83). There were increases in airflow, particle deposition in the 3D model, and particle delivery to the diseased regions for the heterogeneous cases compared to the homogeneous cases. The results highlight the importance of multi-scale numerical simulations to study airflow and particle distribution in healthy and diseased lungs. The effect of particle size and gravity were studied. Once available, these in-silico predictions may be compared to experimental deposition data.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airflow and Particle Deposition Simulations in Health and Emphysema: From In Vivo to In Silico Animal Experiments

et al. 2013

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“…In most cases, it can be assumed that fluid flow and structural deformation are not influenced by mass transport processes. In line with this supposition, a one‐way coupling of CFD and transport models has been proposed in the past, for example, to study multi‐ion transport in electrochemical systems or nanoparticle transport in the lung . A sequential procedure also seems suitable for the coupling of the FSI and multi‐field scalar transport models discussed in Sections 2 and 3.…”

Section: Coupling Of Fsi and Mass Transport Subproblemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, information on the flow field obtained from the CFD simulation is utilized to formulate the convection–diffusion equation for the mass transfer. Applications of this methodology include the transport of (macro‐)molecules in both blood and air . In addition, there have been a number of approaches considering also the coupling of macromolecule transport in the arterial lumen to transport within the wall .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A combined fluid–structure interaction and multi–field scalar transport model for simulating mass transport in biomechanics

Yoshihara

Coroneo

Comerford

et al. 2014

Numerical Meth Engineering

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SUMMARYMass transport processes are known to play an important role in many fields of biomechanics such as respiratory, cardiovascular, and biofilm mechanics. In this paper, we present a novel computational model considering the effect of local solid deformation and fluid flow on mass transport. As the transport processes are assumed to influence neither structure deformation nor fluid flow, a sequential one‐way coupling of a fluid–structure interaction (FSI) and a multi‐field scalar transport model is realized. In each time step, first the non‐linear monolithic FSI problem is solved to determine current local deformations and velocities. Using this information, the mass transport equations can then be formulated on the deformed fluid and solid domains. At the interface, concentrations are related depending on the interfacial permeability. First numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed approach is suitable for simulating convective and diffusive scalar transport on coupled, deformable fluid and solid domains. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…However, little attention has been given to predicting particle transport throughout exhalation in a 3‐dimensional (3D) model of the conducting airways. While advances in computational modeling of airflow and particle transport in the respiratory system have facilitated detailed predictions of particle fate throughout inhalation, exhalation is typically ignored. As these state‐of‐the‐art models cannot yet predict the total burden of deposited particles on the surface of realistic 3D airways, largely because exhalation is neglected, they cannot yet be used exclusively to predict aerosol dosimetry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol transport throughout inspiration and expiration in the pulmonary airways

Oakes

Shadden

Grandmont

et al. 2017

Numer Methods Biomed Eng

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Little is known about transport throughout the respiration cycle in the conducting airways. It is challenging to appropriately describe the time-dependent number of particles entering back into the model during exhalation. Modeling the entire lung is not feasible; therefore, multidomain methods must be used. Here, we present a new framework that is designed to simulate particles throughout the respiration cycle, incorporating realistic airway geometry and respiration. This framework is applied for a healthy rat lung exposed to ∼ 1μm diameter particles, chosen to facilitate parameterization and validation. The flow field is calculated in the conducting airways (3D domain) by solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with experimentally derived boundary conditions. Particles are tracked throughout inspiration by solving a modified Maxey-Riley equation. Next, we pass the time-dependent particle concentrations exiting the 3D model to the 1D volume conservation and advection-diffusion models (1D domain). Once the 1D models are solved, we prescribe the time-dependent number of particles entering back into the 3D airways to again solve for 3D transport. The coupled simulations highlight that about twice as many particles deposit during inhalation compared to exhalation for the entire lung. In contrast to inhalation, where most particles deposit at the bifurcation zones, particles deposit relatively uniformly on the gravitationally dependent side of the 3D airways during exhalation. Strong agreement to previously collected regional experimental data is shown, as the 1D models account for lobe-dependent morphology. This framework may be applied to investigate dosimetry in other species and pathological lungs.

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Nanoparticle transport in a realistic model of the tracheobronchial region

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

Airflow and Particle Deposition Simulations in Health and Emphysema: From In Vivo to In Silico Animal Experiments

Airflow and Particle Deposition Simulations in Health and Emphysema: From In Vivo to In Silico Animal Experiments

A combined fluid–structure interaction and multi–field scalar transport model for simulating mass transport in biomechanics

Aerosol transport throughout inspiration and expiration in the pulmonary airways

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