Nanoparticles as a Platform for Antimicrobial Drug Delivery

Abstract

The hasty developments in nanotechnology will have intense impact on various areas of therapeutic applications like drugs and bioactive delivery, tissue engineering, and other application. This review mainly emphasized on the nanoparticle systems for delivery of antimicrobial drug. Various antimicrobial agents have been used to kill or inhibit the growth of microbes such as bacteria, fungi and viruses. As the pharmacological actions of these drugs have been well established, feeble delivery and degradation could lead to insufficient therapeutic index and cause side effects. Nanoparticles have many advantages like small and controllable size, large surface area to mass ratio, and functionalizable structure. These properties make the nanoparticles, a suitable delivery system of antimicrobials. Along with this, it also overcomes the limitations intra-additional antimicrobial therapeutics. In last few years, development and fabrication of antimicrobial agent in nanoparticle systems has evolved as an innovative and promising alternative that increases therapeutic effectiveness and overcoming the undesirable side effects. In this chapter, we focused on the current progress and challenges in producing nanoparticle system for antimicrobial drugs delivery for the treatment of microbial diseases.

Nanobioconjugates: Weapons against Antibacterial Resistance

“…Recently several strategies including chemical modification of existing antibiotics, combinatorial therapy, photothermal therapy (PTT), AMPs, and NP adjuvants have been reported as useful weapons for battle against AMR. , In particular, NPs seem to provide distinct advantages over other systems due to their prolonged circulation time in blood facilitating extravasation, passive targeting, and large surface-to-volume ratio that provides high therapeutic drug loading. − NPs also exhibit multiple bactericidal pathways including (1) disruption of membrane integrity or depolarization of membrane potential, (2) targeting of different intracellular bacterial components, (3) interference with bacterial efflux pumps, (4) generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), (5) interference with quorum sensing within the biofilm networking, and (6) release of toxic metal ions from metal NPs (Figure A). ,− Membrane disruption occurs when positively charged NPs bind with the negatively charged bacterial cell membrane resulting in membrane depolarization leading to the loss of membrane integrity. This results in the imbalance of electron transport, impaired respiration and cell lysis, eventually leading to cell death.…”

Different Nanotechnology Approaches for Ciprofloxacin Delivery Against Multidrug-Resistant Microbes

“…Table 2 states the different parameters for characterization of NPs and instruments used for these characterizations. 23 Representative examples for different sources of the nanomaterials used for ciprofloxacin delivery and the characterization done in the articles included in this review are listed in Table 3. NP-based drug delivery systems introduce a wide range of therapeutics, by either binding the drug to their large surface area or carrying it to the site of infection effectively, safely, and with a controlled rate of targeted delivery.…”

Nanoparticles Loaded Mucoadhesive Buccal Patches - Review

“…The focus of pharmaceutical research is shifting away from the synthesis of new chemical entities and toward the development of novel drug delivery systems for existing drug molecules in order to maximise their therapeutic and patient protection effects. Nanoparticles are gaining popularity in modern medicinal research due to their potential as a highly efficient medication delivery mechanism [3]. Nanotechnology is fast emerging as a topic with applications in numerous fields of science and study for the purpose of creating new chemicals and molecules at the nanoscale level.…”