Nanoparticles for Gene Delivery: A Brief Patent Review

Abstract

Gene therapy, as therapeutic treatment to genetic or acquired diseases, is attracting much interest in the research community, leading to noteworthy developments over the past two decades. Nonviral vectors have recently received an increasing attention in order to overcome the safety problems of viral counterpart. Nanoparticles with their special characteristics such as small particle size, large surface area and the capability of changing their surface properties have numerous advantages compared with other gene delivery systems. This article reviews the advances of nanoparticles in patents for gene delivery and emphasizes methods to promote gene transfection efficiency.

Biocompatibility, biodegradation and biomedical applications of poly(lactic acid)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) micro and nanoparticles

“…PLA and PLGA based NPs loaded with nucleic acids can be delivered to various animal models through different routes of administration such as IM, ID, SC and oral (Bala et al 2004). Outstanding features of non-immunogenicity and non-toxicity of PLA and PLGA have been keyed the researchers to design PLA and PLGA particles loaded with nucleic acids cargo, such as oligonucleotides, plasmid DNA, and small interfering RNA (siRNA), as an alternative to immunogenic and toxic viral vectors (Xu and Zhang 2009). In addition to previously mentioned PLA and PLGA merits, such biomaterials could give favorable outcomes of potentiating poor intrinsic transfection efficiency of nucleic acids (Heo et al 2014;Kolte et al 2017;Xu and Zhang 2009), providing long term gene expression or gene silencing (Jain et al 2015;Zhu et al 2015), enhancing translocation inside the cell (Jain et al 2015), maximizing protection from enzymatic degradation and enhancing gene delivery system cytocompatibility and tolerability (Baoum et al 2010;Qian et al 2014;Zhao et al 2012).…”