“…Nanoparticles, materials that are from 1 to 100 nanometers (nm) in size, have been used for synthesis of metal nanostructures, nanofibers, nanotubes, nanorods, nanofluids, semiconductors, quantum dots, nanoalloys, and magnetic crystals (Aziz et al, 2015;Prasad et al, 2016;Singhal et al, 2017), sustainable agriculture , in dermatological topical applications (Antonio et al, 2014), medicine (Mauricio et al, 2018), and also, more recently, in microbiome interventions, with a particular focus directed toward for cancer treatment and blockade therapy (Karavolos and Holban, 2016;Song et al, 2019). Many metals are used in nanomedicines -for example, silver nanoparticles are used as antimicrobials.…”