Nanoparticles of barium induce apoptosis in human phagocytes

Abstract

Purpose Nutrients and immunological factors of breast milk are essential for newborn growth and the development of their immune system, but this secretion can contain organic and inorganic toxins such as barium. Colostrum contamination with barium is an important issue to investigate because this naturally occurring element is also associated with human activity and industrial pollution. The study evaluated the administration of barium nanoparticles to colostrum, assessing the viability and functional activity of colostral mononuclear phagocytes. Methods Colostrum was collected from 24 clinically healthy women (aged 18–35 years). Cell viability, superoxide release, intracellular Ca 2+ release, and phagocyte apoptosis were analyzed in the samples. Results Treatment with barium lowered mononuclear phagocyte viability, increased superoxide release, and reduced intracellular calcium release. In addition, barium increased cell death by apoptosis. Conclusion These data suggest that nanoparticles of barium in colostrum are toxic to cells, showing the importance of avoiding exposure to this element.

Melatonin Action on the Activity of Phagocytes from the Colostrum of Obese Women

“…Although a higher basal level of apoptosis and intracellular calcium was found in the high BMI group, these levels did not impair the immune response via phagocytosis. In the colostrum, more than 90% of the MN phagocytes are formed by viable cells [39], which have an apoptosis rate of nearly 6.7% [36]. Therefore, a significant number of viable cells is available to support the development of an immune response.…”

Incorporation of Barium Ions into Biomaterials: Dangerous Liaison or Potential Revolution?

“…Additionally, a major musculoskeletal effect detected in cases of barium toxicity in humans is progressive muscle weakness, often leading to partial or total paralysis [ 90 ]. Furthermore, Mores et al monitored the effects of barium nanoparticles (1 g/L, 1 μg/L, 10 ng/L, and 1 ng/L) on the mononuclear (MN) cells of colostrum, which have an effect on a developing baby’s immune system [ 90 ]. The results they presented stated that barium lowered mononuclear phagocyte viability, heightened superoxide release, and reduced intracellular calcium release.…”