Nanoporous composite, low cost, protonic membranes for direct methanol fuel cells

Novel configuration of poly(vinylidenedifluoride)-based gel polymer electrolyte for application in lithium-ion batteries

“…2 shows the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the GPE prepared in this work. Fig used for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) applications [10]. Indeed, porous membranes consist by collapsed structures in which the porosity is allowed by the presence of free space within the polymer matrix.…”

Titanium dioxide nanoparticle incorporated PVDF-HFP based composite membrane for direct methanol fuel cells application

“…In the membrane surface, some coagulated structures of TiO 2 nanoparticles were found at certain position of the membrane and it favors the acid absorption as shown in Table I. The acid absorption facilitated by large porosity consequently enhances the proton conductivity (Croce et al, 2006).…”

Composite Proton‐Conducting Membranes for PEMFCs

“…A proton conductivity of about 0.1 S cm À1 is reached at 40% RH. Croce et al recently found a monotonous increase in the conductivity in PVDF-HFP porous membranes doped with a solution of H 2 SO 4 , and filled with fumed silica contents ranging between 0 and 60 wt.-% [17].…”

“…In the case of proton-conducting membranes, the filler affects the water uptake, mechanical stability and methanol permeability, besides the proton conductivity [4]. A wide variety of inorganic fillers, like SiO 2 , laponites, zeolites, montmorillonites, TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Zr-based oxides and salts, were dispersed in polymers like Nafion [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], PVDF [16][17][18][19], PEEK [20][21][22][23], PES [24] and poly[2,2′-(m-phenylene)-5,5′-bibenzimidazole] (PBI) [25]. FTIR analyses proved the presence of acid-base interactions between polymer and filler, which increase the membrane proton conductivity and fuel cells power density [26][27][28].…”