“…Among transition metals, Mo has a higher impact on enhancing HER by tailoring the surface electronic structure of catalysts, while Fe in combination with NiP enhances OER due to the formation of oxygen-containing intermediates (*O, *OH, and *OOH). ,− The most common method for the synthesis of TMPs requires long reaction times and high temperatures. Moreover, TMPs have been synthesed using complex methods such as a gas–solid reaction, a solution-phase reaction, and two-step melt-spinning combined with chemical etching, − requiring phosphine (PH 3 ) gas and organic solvents, which are highly toxic and flammable. Thus, synthesis of TMP-based electrocatalysts using a relatively facile synthesis strategy with low-cost equipment and chemicals is a critical task.…”