Nanoporous Polymer Films with a High Cation Transference Number Stabilize Lithium Metal Anodes in Light-Weight Batteries for Electrified Transportation

Ma, Lin; Fu, Chengyin; Li, Longjun; Mayilvahanan, Karthik S.; Watkins, Tylan; Perdue, Brian; Zavadil, Kevin R.; Helms, Brett A.

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b05101

Cited by 60 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 58 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Low cation transference number (t+) of electrolyte induces a large Li + concentration gradient on the surface of anode, thus causing huge space charge and Li dendrite growth according to the space charge model. [88] Herein, engineering the electrolyte with high t+ provides attractive candidates for increasing the safety and lifespan of LMBs. [89] Immobilizing anions in the electrolyte is widely adopted to contribute to enhance the t+ and therefore stable electrodeposition from many recent works.…”

Section: Regulating the LI Ion Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Li Deposition in Working Batteries: From Nucleation to Early Growth

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

remarkable evolutions with continuous performance improvements, [4] after three decades of continuous research and development, the typical LIBs employ graphite (theoretical capacity of 372 mAh g −1) as the anode. [5] The energy density of LIB progressively approaches its theoretical limit. Therefore, exploring the next generation anode materials, which can break the ceiling of theoretical capacity of LIBs, is essential for the emerging applications to achieve wireless and green world. [6] Li metal is highly recognized as the very promising alternative anode material due to its low electrochemical potential of −3.04 V versus the standard hydrogen electrode and ultrahigh theoretical capacity of 3860 mAh g −1 , [7] which is almost 10 times of commercial graphite anode. Nevertheless, the disordered Li dendrite deposition during charge/discharge process motivates the dramatical fluctuation of the surface of Li anode, thus resulting in the break/ repair of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) with severe phase migrations, electrolyte consumptions and thermal accumulations. [8] The unexpected microstructural Li dendrite can easily loss the electric connection with the bulk Li or current collector and subsequently form "dead Li," causing severe capacity loss. [9] Moreover, Li dendrite deposition not only aggravates battery performance with low Coulombic efficiency (CE) and rapid capacity decay, [10] but also engenders thermal runaway and even serious safety hazards caused by the internal shorting. [11] Therefore, preventing the lithium dendrite growth plays the key role to accomplish the next-generation highenergy-density and safe Li metal batteries (LMBs). [12] How to suppress the Li dendrite growth raises an inescapable question: why Li tends to deposit dendritic morphology? The formation of Li dendrite undergoes two process including Li nucleation and Li growth. [13] The growth process immediately follows nucleation and develops on the surface of nuclei with their incorporation into the structure of the Li metal lattice. Herein the final deposition morphology tightly relies on the Li nucleation and early growth. [14] Figuring out the Li nucleation and early growth is critical to further explore the dendrite inhibition strategies for safe and long-lifespan LMBs. Recently, many insightful and influential models have been proposed to understand the process of Li deposition from nucleation to early growth. [15] Specifically, 1) heterogeneous model describes the heterogeneous nucleation and early growth behavior; 2) surface diffusion model demonstrates Lithium (Li) metal is one of the most promising alternative anode materials of next-generation high-energy-density batteries demanded for advanced energy storage in the coming fourth industrial revolution. Nevertheless, disordered Li deposition easily causes short lifespan and safety concerns and thus severely hinders the practical applications of Li metal batteries. Tremendous efforts are devoted to understanding the mechanism for Li deposition, while the final depositio...

show abstract

Section: Regulating the LI Ion Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Li Deposition in Working Batteries: From Nucleation to Early Growth

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[ 15 ] A high lithium transference number and high ion conductivity is essential for high‐power battery operation. [ 17 ] Here, the Bruce–Vincent method was applied to estimate the lithium transference number of the system (Figure 2c; Figures S8, S9, Supporting Information): [ 33 ]

\begin{matrix} t_{{Li}^{+}} = \frac{I_{normals} (V - I_{0} R_{0})}{I_{normalo} (V - I_{normalS} R_{normalS})} \end{matrix}

where (

t_{{Li}^{+}}

) is the lithium ion transference number, V is the applied potential step, I o and I s are the current at the initial state and steady‐state, respectively, R 0 is the initial interfacial resistance, and R S is the steady‐state interfacial resistance. As seen in Figure 2c, the value of (

t_{{Li}^{+}}

) for CMP‐Li using commercial 1 m LiPF 6 in EC/DMC is 0.78, which is much higher than that of the bulk liquid electrolyte in previously reported studies (typically, ≈0.5–0.6 for modified lithium anode and 0.3–0.4 for pristine lithium anode).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

A High‐Performance Lithium Metal Battery with Ion‐Selective Nanofluidic Transport in a Conjugated Microporous Polymer Protective Layer

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lithium metal is the “holy grail” of anodes, capable of unlocking the full potential of cathodes in next‐generation batteries. However, the use of pure lithium anodes faces several challenges in terms of safety, cycle life, and rate capability. Herein, a solution‐processable conjugated microporous thermosetting polymer (CMP) is developed. The CMP can be further converted into a large‐scale membrane with nanofluidic channels (5–6 Å). These channels can serve as facile and selective Li‐ion diffusion pathways on the surfaces of lithium anodes, thereby ensuring stable lithium stripping/plating even at high areal current densities. CMP‐modified lithium anodes (CMP‐Li) exhibit cycle stability of 2550 h at an areal current density of 20 mA cm−2. Furthermore, CMP is readily amenable to solution‐processing and spray coating, rendering it highly applicable to continuous roll‐to‐roll lithium metal treatment processes. Pouch cells with CMP‐Li as the anode and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) as the cathode exhibits a stable energy density of 400 Wh kg−1.

show abstract

“…However, these inorganic films are often thin, brittle, and prone to cracking due to the volume effect of the Li anode during extended cycling 31 . Therefore, researchers developed a series of flexible polymer SEI layers to prevent the formation of cracks or pinholes in the SEI layer 118‐127 . With the polymer SEI layers, uniform Li deposition could be achieved at high current densities.…”

Section: How Do Li‐containing Alloys Solve the Present Issues?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Li‐containing alloys beneficial for stabilizing lithium anode: A review

Dong

Lai

2020

Engineering Reports

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Due to the soaring growth of electric vehicles and grid-scale energy storage, high-safety and high-energy density battery storage systems are urgently needed. Lithium metal anodes, which possess the highest theoretical specific capacity (3860 mA h g −1) and the lowest electrochemical potential (−3.04 V vs standard hydrogen electrode) among anode materials, are regarded as the ultimate choice for high-energy density batteries. However, its safety problems as well as the low Coulombic efficiency during the Li plating and stripping process significantly limit the commercialization of lithium metal batteries. Recently, Li-containing alloys have demonstrated vital roles in inhibiting lithium dendrite growth, controlling interfacial reactions and enhancing the Coulombic efficiency (CE) as well as cycle life. Accordingly, in this perspective, the progresses of lithium alloys for robust, stable, and dendrite free anodes for rechargeable lithium metal batteries are summarized. The challenges and future research focus of lithium-containing alloys in lithium metal batteries are also discussed.

show abstract

Nanoporous Polymer Films with a High Cation Transference Number Stabilize Lithium Metal Anodes in Light-Weight Batteries for Electrified Transportation

Cited by 60 publications

References 58 publications

Review on Li Deposition in Working Batteries: From Nucleation to Early Growth

Review on Li Deposition in Working Batteries: From Nucleation to Early Growth

A High‐Performance Lithium Metal Battery with Ion‐Selective Nanofluidic Transport in a Conjugated Microporous Polymer Protective Layer

Li‐containing alloys beneficial for stabilizing lithium anode: A review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About