Nanoreactors: properties, applications and characterization

Abstract

Nanoreactors are a type of chemical reactor that is used mostly in nanotechnology and nanobiotechnology. These unique reactors are critical to the operation of a nano foundry, which is essentially a foundry that produces goods on a nanoscale. Active sites, such as transitional metal species, can also be added to nanoreactors. In this situation, the NR’s limited area might impact reaction rate and mechanism by increasing the contacts between reactants and active sites and changing the concentration of the reactant at the active site. Immobilization of chiral active centers inside porous materials has received a lot of interest in this context, and there have been a lot of publications proving the benefits of nano space confinement in chemical processes. The specific mechanism in which enantioselectivities are strengthened has been clarified using molecular dynamics simulations. Nanoreactors are nanometer-sized chambers with the potential to improve chemical conversions by shielding catalysts from external effects and encapsulating reactors and catalysts in a tiny space for an extended period of time. Natural and synthetic nanoreactors are the two types of nanoreactors that can be found in general. The first group has a more selective function while also having a more complicated structure, whereas the second group has more variation and a simpler structure. Synthetic nanoreactors have so far been made with a variety of molecules and large types of molecules. The space inside the nanoreactors is a good environment for the production of various nanostructures, in addition to a wide range of chemical reactions. When chemical reactions are carried out in confined spaces with nanometer dimensions and micrometer volumes, the kinetics and the entire process path are altered. Nanoreactors are restricted areas used to execute specialized chemical processes. In the cells of living organisms, numerous simultaneous reactions are based on the same concept. As a result, various biological and chemical structures with nanoreactor characteristics are used in this strategy.

A Review of High-Energy Density Lithium-Air Battery Technology: Investigating the Effect of Oxides and Nanocatalysts

“…e importance of studying the conductivity of this nanoparticle oxide stems from the fact that until our knowledge of the optimal conductivity of this oxide for different dimensions and morphologies is complete, it is not possible to optimize this oxide product by controlling battery performance such as current, geometry, cathode, and catalyst [149][150][151][152][153][154].…”

Cascade Processes with Micellar Reaction Media: Recent Advances and Future Directions

“…Many classes of polymer nanostructures (e.g., dendrimers, polymersomes, nanogels, etc.) have been studied as nanoreactors for chemical reactions and are described elsewhere [ 5 , 74 , 75 , 76 ]. Polymer micelles are a relatively simple, common, and well-defined structure that can be achieved via self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers.…”

Dendrimer for targeted drug delivery and Vaccine and Immunostimulatory: applications and methods

“…Ideal systems for ocular drug delivery need to be sterile, isotonic, biocompatible, and bioavailable and should not be overlooked. Dendrimers have a good solution for complex ocular drug delivery problems [224]. In recent research, the shelf life of pilocarpine in the eye has been increased using Polyamidoamine dendrimers with carboxyl or hydroxyl surface groups [59,[225][226][227][228]].…”

“…Dendrimers are well-de ned (monodisperse) synthetic globular polymers with a range of interesting chemical and biological properties [224,[240][241][242]. Chemical properties include the presence of multiple accessible surface functional groups that can be used for coupling biologically relevant molecules and methods allowing precise heterofunctionalization of surface groups.…”