Nanoscale Architecture of Endoplasmic Reticulum Export Sites and of Golgi Membranes as Determined by Electron Tomography

Staehelin, L. Andrew; Kang, Byung-Ho

doi:10.1104/pp.108.120618

Cited by 176 publications

(221 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…As shown in Figure 9p-u, epidermal cells showed dispersed Golgi stacks within the cytoplasm. In accordance with the fact that TGN is known to be closely attached to the Golgi in some cases but not in others (reviewed by Staehelin and Kang, 2008), MPK6-positive spots showed either distinct localization from Golgi or were occasionally found in association with Golgi stacks, but not directly overlapped with them. This further supports the idea of MPK6 localization at the TGN.…”

Section: Mpk6 Localizes To Punctuated Structures Located At the Pm Anmentioning

confidence: 79%

Arabidopsis MPK6 is involved in cell division plane control during early root development, and localizes to the pre-prophase band, phragmoplast, trans-Golgi network and plasma membrane

et al. 2009

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). † These two authors contributed equally to this work. SUMMARYThe proper spatial and temporal expression and localization of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) is essential for developmental and cellular signalling in all eukaryotes. Here, we analysed expression, subcellular localization and function of MPK6 in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana using wild-type plants and three mpk6 knock-out mutant lines. The MPK6 promoter showed two expression maxima in the most apical part of the root meristem and in the root transition zone. This expression pattern was highly consistent with 'no root' and 'short root' phenotypes, as well as with ectopic cell divisions and aberrant cell division planes, resulting in disordered cell files in the roots of these mpk6 knock-out mutants. In dividing root cells, MPK6 was localized on the subcellular level to distinct fine spots in the pre-prophase band and phragmoplast, representing the two most important cytoskeletal structures controlling the cell division plane. By combining subcellular fractionation and microscopic in situ and in vivo co-localization methods, MPK6 was localized to the plasma membrane (PM) and the trans-Golgi network (TGN). In summary, these data suggest that MPK6 localizing to mitotic microtubules, secretory TGN vesicles and the PM is involved in cell division plane control and root development in Arabidopsis.

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Section: Mpk6 Localizes To Punctuated Structures Located At the Pm Anmentioning

confidence: 79%

Arabidopsis MPK6 is involved in cell division plane control during early root development, and localizes to the pre-prophase band, phragmoplast, trans-Golgi network and plasma membrane

et al. 2009

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“…4, B, F, and I, and 6, B and F). These collapsed membrane domains, which resemble the collapsed membrane domains of trans-Golgi cisternae (Staehelin et al, 1990;Staehelin and Kang, 2008), appear to be formed by osmotic forces, most likely due to active transport of the solubilized nutrient molecules from the vacuole lumen into the cytoplasm. As in trans-Golgi cisternae, this osmotic collapse causes the luminal materials to be squeezed into the remaining swollen vacuole domains, where the vacuole membrane appears tightly pressed against the vacuole contents (Figs.…”

Section: Cryofixation and Freeze-substitution Methods Are Important Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein Storage Vacuoles Are Transformed into Lytic Vacuoles in Root Meristematic Cells of Germinating Seedlings by Multiple, Cell Type-Specific Mechanisms

Zheng

Staehelin

2011

Plant Physiology

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We have investigated the structural events associated with vacuole biogenesis in root tip cells of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) seedlings preserved by high-pressure freezing and freeze-substitution techniques. Our micrographs demonstrate that the lytic vacuoles (LVs) of root tip cells are derived from protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) by cell type-specific sets of transformation events. Analysis of the vacuole transformation pathways has been aided by the phytin-dependent black osmium staining of PSV luminal contents. In epidermal and outer cortex cells, the central LVs are formed by a process involving PSV fusion, storage protein degradation, and the gradual replacement of the PSV marker protein a-tonoplast intrinsic protein (TIP) with the LV marker protein g-TIP. In contrast, in the inner cortex and vascular cylinder cells, the transformation events are more complex. During mobilization of the stored molecules, the PSV membranes collapse osmotically upon themselves, thereby squeezing the vacuolar contents into the remaining bulging vacuolar regions. The collapsed PSV membranes then differentiate into two domains: (1) vacuole "reinflation" domains that produce pre-LVs, and (2) multilamellar autophagosomal domains that are later engulfed by the pre-LVs. The multilamellar autophagosomal domains appear to originate from concentric sheets of PSV membranes that create compartments within which the cytoplasm begins to break down. Engulfment of the multilamellar autophagic vacuoles by the pre-LVs gives rise to the mature LVs. During pre-LV formation, the PSV marker a-TIP disappears and is replaced by the LV marker g-TIP. These findings demonstrate that the central LVs of root cells arise from PSVs via cell type-specific transformation pathways.

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“…In some green algae, the Golgi represents a large stack consisting of numerous cisternae (Noguchi, 1978, Staehelin andKang, 2008). The Golgi apparatus in flowering plants is thus regarded as a nice model to study its morphology in detail by light microscopy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Missense Mutation in the <i>NSF</i> Gene Causes Abnormal Golgi Morphology in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>

Tanabashi

Shoda

Saito

et al. 2018

Cell Struct. Funct.

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The Golgi apparatus is a key station of glycosylation and membrane traffic. It consists of stacked cisternae in most eukaryotes. However, the mechanisms how the Golgi stacks are formed and maintained are still obscure. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana provides a nice system to observe Golgi structures by light microscopy, because the Golgi in A. thaliana is in the form of mini-stacks that are distributed throughout the cytoplasm. To obtain a clue to understand the molecular basis of Golgi morphology, we took a forward-genetic approach to isolate A. thaliana mutants that show abnormal structures of the Golgi under a confocal microscope. In the present report, we describe characterization of one of such mutants, named #46-3. The #46-3 mutant showed pleiotropic Golgi phenotypes. The Golgi size was in majority smaller than the wild type, but varied from very small ones, sometimes without clear association of cis and trans cisternae, to abnormally large ones under a confocal microscope.At the ultrastructual level by electron microscopy, queer-shaped large Golgi stacks were occasionally observed. By positional mapping, genome sequencing, and complementation and allelism tests, we linked the mutant phenotype to the missense mutation D374N in the NSF gene, encoding the N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF), a key component of membrane fusion. This residue is near the ATP-binding site of NSF, which is very well conserved in eukaryotes, suggesting that the biochemical function of NSF is important for maintaining the normal morphology of the Golgi.3

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Nanoscale Architecture of Endoplasmic Reticulum Export Sites and of Golgi Membranes as Determined by Electron Tomography

Cited by 176 publications

References 73 publications

Arabidopsis MPK6 is involved in cell division plane control during early root development, and localizes to the pre-prophase band, phragmoplast, trans-Golgi network and plasma membrane

Arabidopsis MPK6 is involved in cell division plane control during early root development, and localizes to the pre-prophase band, phragmoplast, trans-Golgi network and plasma membrane

Protein Storage Vacuoles Are Transformed into Lytic Vacuoles in Root Meristematic Cells of Germinating Seedlings by Multiple, Cell Type-Specific Mechanisms

A Missense Mutation in the <i>NSF</i> Gene Causes Abnormal Golgi Morphology in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>

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