Nanoscale Atmospheric Pressure Laser Ablation-Mass Spectrometry

Stöckle, Raoul M.; Setz, Patrick D.; Deckert, Volker; Lippert, Thomas; Wokaun, A.; Zenobi, Renato

doi:10.1021/ac001440b

Cited by 108 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The tip had a diameter aperture of around 170 nm, creating ablation craters with about the same diameter (see below). Molecular crystals (the same bis-triazene that was used as model compound for the triazene polymers in other studies, shown in Scheme 7) were applied as substrates, because the main goal of this study was the development of nanoscale atmospheric-pressure laser ablation-mass spectrometry [390].…”

Section: Snom Structuringmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser Application of Polymers

Lippert

2004

Polymers and Light

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150

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Laser ablation of polymers has been studied with designed materials to evaluate the mechanism of ablation and the role of photochemically active groups on the ablation process, and to test possible applications of laser ablation and designed polymers. The incorporation of photochemically active groups lowers the threshold of ablation and allows high-quality structuring without contamination and modification of the remaining surface. The decomposition of the active chromophore takes place during the excitation pulse of the laser and gaseous products are ejected with supersonic velocity. Time-of-flight mass spectrometry reveals that a metastable species is among the products, suggesting that excited electronic states are involved in the ablation process. Experiments with a reference material, i.e., polyimide, for which a photothermal ablation mechanism has been suggested, exhibited pronounced differences. These results strongly suggest that, in case of designed polymers which contain photochemically active groups, a photochemical part in the ablation mechanism cannot be neglected. Various potential applications for laser ablation and the special photopolymers were evaluated and it became clear that the potential of laser ablation and specially designed material is in the field of microstructuring. Laser ablation can be used to fabricate three-dimensional elements, e.g., microoptical elements.Keywords Laser ablation · Ablation mechanism · Photopolymers · Polyimide · Spectroscopy This was not always true, of course. For many years, the laser was viewed as "an answer in search of a question". That is, it was seen as an elegant device, but one with no real useful application outside of fundamental scientific research. In the last two to three decades however, numerous laser applications have moved from the laboratory to the industrial workplace or the commercial market. Lasers are unique energy sources characterized by their spectral purity, spatial and temporal coherence, and high average peak intensity. Each of these characteristics has led to applications that take advantage of these qualities: -Spatial coherence: e.g., remote sensing, range finding and many holographic techniques. -Spectral purity: e.g., atmospheric monitoring based on high-resolution spectroscopies. -and of course the many other applications in communication and storage, e.g., CDs.All of these high-tech applications have come to define everyday life in the late twentieth century. One property of lasers, however, that of high intensity, did not immediately lead to "delicate" applications but rather to those requiring "brute force". That is, the laser was used in applications for removing material or heating. The first realistic applications involved cutting, drilling, and welding, and the laser was little more advanced than a saw, a drill, or a torch. In a humorous vein A.L. Schawlow proposed and demonstrated the first "laser eraser" in 1965 [4], using the different absorptivities of paper and ink to remove the ink without damaging the und...

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Section: Snom Structuringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, mainly the structuring is presented, but it was possible to detect the main product of the photochemical decomposition of the triazene group, N 2 , by mass spectrometry [390]. An array of ablation craters in the bis-triazene is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Snom Structuringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Application of Polymers

Lippert

2004

Polymers and Light

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150

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“…The typical spatial resolution of LA-ICP-MS, achieved with most commercially available laser ablation systems, ranges from 5 to 300 m [1, [6][7][8], and in some cases this would be insufficient, for example, for the analysis of the fine structures of small regions of biological tissues and single cells [9][10][11] or in nanoelectronics [12]. The known nearfield effect can be applied in order to improve the spatial resolution of the laser ablation, and this is being intensively investigated at present in several groups [13][14][15][16][17]. The idea of near-field laser ablation consisted in the formation of radiation intensity singularities by means of very small conductive objects (e.g., tip of a thin Ag needle) immersed in the radiation field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possibility of nano-local element analysis by near-field laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS): New experimental arrangement and first application

Zoriy¹,

Kayser

Becker³

2008

International Journal of Mass Spectrometry

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“…Optical resolution in the nanometer range is achievable with this method. Efforts to use SNOM for LDI mass spectrometry were reported recently, but without success so far in detecting larger molecular ions [33].…”

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confidence: 99%

Scanning microprobe matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (SMALDI) mass spectrometry: Instrumentation for sub-micrometer resolved LDI and MALDI surface analysis

Spengler

Hubert

2002

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

270

256

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A new instrument and method is described for laterally resolved mass spectrometric surface analysis. Fields of application are in both the life sciences and the material sciences. The instrument provides for imaging of the distribution of selected sample components from natural and artificial surfaces. Samples are either analyzed by laser desorption ionization (LDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry or, after preparation with a suitable matrix, by matrixassisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. Areas of 100 ϫ 100 m are scanned with minimal increments of 0.25 m, and between 10,000 and 160,000 mass spectra are acquired per image within 3 to 50 min (scan rate up to 50 pixels per s). The effective lateral resolution is in the range of 0.6 to 1.5 m depending on sample properties, preparation methods and laser wavelength. Optical investigation of the same sample area by UV confocal scanning laser microscopy was found to be very attractive in combination with scanning MALDI mass analysis because pixel-identical images can be created with both techniques providing for a strong increase in analytical information. This article describes the method and instrumentation, including first applicational examples in elemental analysis, imaging of pine tree roots, and investigation of MALDI sample morphology in biomolecular analysis. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2002, 13, 735-748)

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Nanoscale Atmospheric Pressure Laser Ablation-Mass Spectrometry

Cited by 108 publications

References 42 publications

Laser Application of Polymers

Laser Application of Polymers

Possibility of nano-local element analysis by near-field laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS): New experimental arrangement and first application

Scanning microprobe matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (SMALDI) mass spectrometry: Instrumentation for sub-micrometer resolved LDI and MALDI surface analysis

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