This paper provides an in-depth investigation into the formation of the mechanical mixed layer (MML) and its role in Cu-15Ni-8Sn/graphite composites. Wear tests were conducted at room temperature using a ring-block configuration with the applied load of 50 N and sliding speed of 0.42 m/s. SEM, EDS and XPS were performed to analyze the worn surfaces and sub-surfaces.Results indicated that high graphite content contributed to the formation of a protective MML.When the MML formed on the tribo-surface as graphite content increases, both the friction coefficient and wear rate greatly decreased. The friction coefficient with a stable value of 0.075 and wear rate of 6.10×10 -16 (m 3 /N• m) were the lowest when an apparent tribo-layer appeared at the graphite content of 38 vol. %. The characteristics of the MML and its influences on wear mechanisms of the composites are discussed. The MML existing on the worn surface protected the materials from severe adhesion and abrasion, the predominant wear mechanisms changed to delamination, which resulted in the drastic changes in wear resistance and friction coefficient.