Nanoscale functional interlayers formed through spontaneous vertical phase separation in polymer photovoltaic devices

Chen, Fang‐Chung; Chien, Shang Chieh

doi:10.1039/b907773a

Cited by 72 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…[ 31 ] A recent work reported by Chen et al also indicated that OPVs made of a poly(ethylene glycol) layer prepared from a spontaneous vertical separation process on the surface of P3HT:PCBM active layer as the buffer with Al electrode had better performance than devices made of calcium/Al (Ca/Al) or lithium fl uoride/Al (LiF/Al) as the negative electrodes. [ 32 ] The above result probably implies that the ethylene oxide-based thin fi lm could work well as a buffer with Al electrodes, although the improvement on the V OC and η for P3HT:PCBM-based OPVs made of PEO as the electrode buffer in Oh et al's report was limited. Nevertheless, PEO-based polymers and molecules have been successfully reported as effective electrode buffers with Al cathodes for the fabrication of high performance organic/ polymer light-emitting diodes (O/PLEDs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

The Roles of Poly(Ethylene Oxide) Electrode Buffers in Efficient Polymer Photovoltaics

Jeng

Lin

Hsu

et al. 2011

Advanced Energy Materials

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The role of poly(ethylene oxide) polymer is investigated as an effective buffer with Al electrodes to markedly improve the electrode interface and enhance the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) and the power conversion efficiency (PCE, η) of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT):[6,6]‐phenyl C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)‐based bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. A unique process is developed by thermally co‐evaporating the poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether (PEGDE, Mn ca. 2000) polymer with Al metal simultaneously at different ratios in vacuum (10−6 Torr) to prepare the electrode buffers. The instant formation of a carbide‐like junction at the ethylene oxide/Al interface during the thermal evaporation is of essential importance to the extraction of electrons through the Al electrode. The performance of P3HT:PCBM‐based solar cells can be optimized by modulating the co‐evaporation ratios of the PEGDE polymer with Al metal due to the changes in the work functions of the electrodes. The VOC and η for devices fabricated with Al electrode are 0.44 V and 1.64%, respectively, and significantly improve to 0.58 V and 4.00% when applying the PEGDE:Al(2:1)/Al electrode. This research leads to a novel electrode design – free of salts, additives, complicated syntheses, and having tunable work function – for fabricating high‐performance photovoltaic cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

The Roles of Poly(Ethylene Oxide) Electrode Buffers in Efficient Polymer Photovoltaics

Jeng

Lin

Hsu

et al. 2011

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…[ 10 ] Another approach recently shown by Chen and Chien uses the spontaneous formation of a poly(ethylene) glycol monolayer on top of the active layer during fi lm formation after blending poly(ethylene) glycol to a P3HT:PCBM solution. [ 11 ] This resulted both in higher performance and stability compared to metallic cathodes. Investigations on the anode by Jong et al showed that the widely used poly (3,4- which can be responsible for decreased life time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Degradation Effects Related to the Hole Transport Layer in Organic Solar Cells

Ecker

Nolasco

Pallarès

et al. 2011

Adv Funct Materials

172

154

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The influence of the hole transport layer on device stability in polymer:fullerene bulk‐heterojunction solar cells is reported. Three different hole transport layers varying in composition, dispersion solvent, electrical conductivity, and work function were used in these studies. Two water‐based hole transport layers, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) and polyaniline:poly(styrene sulfonate), and one isopropyl alcohol‐based polyaniline:poly(styrene sulfonate) transport layer were investigated. Solar cells with the different hole transport layers were fabricated and degraded under illumination. Current–voltage, capacitance–voltage, and capacitance–frequency data were collected at light intensities of 16, 30, 48, 80, and 100 mW cm−2 over a period of 7 h. Device performance and stability were compared between nonencapsulated and encapsulated samples to gain understanding about degradation effects related to oxygen and water as well as degradation mechanisms related to the intrinsic instability of the solar cell materials and interfaces. It is demonstrated that the properties of the hole transport layer can have a significant impact on the stability of organic solar cells.

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“…In this paper, we used entirely cation-anion combinations BenMeIm-Cl ionic liquid as a CIL in P3HT:PC 61 BM, PBDTTT-C: PC 71 BM and PTB7:PC 71 BM BHJ-IPSCs and demonstrated that the insert of BenMeIm-Cl IL layer leads to an efficiency enhancement from o1% to 8% based on PTB7 as the donor via the spontaneous vertical phase separation (SPVS) selfassembled approach [24][25][26][27]. The utilization of a SPVS process in organic composites, consisting of BHJ photoactive materials and interface material, is unique for the formation of both the photoactive top layer and ultrathin and uniform cathode interface bottom layer through only singlestep solution processing [28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency improved for inverted polymer solar cells with electrostatically self-assembled BenMeIm-Cl ionic liquid layer as cathode interface layer

Huang

et al. 2015

Nano Energy

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Nanoscale functional interlayers formed through spontaneous vertical phase separation in polymer photovoltaic devices

Cited by 72 publications

References 28 publications

The Roles of Poly(Ethylene Oxide) Electrode Buffers in Efficient Polymer Photovoltaics

The Roles of Poly(Ethylene Oxide) Electrode Buffers in Efficient Polymer Photovoltaics

Degradation Effects Related to the Hole Transport Layer in Organic Solar Cells

Efficiency improved for inverted polymer solar cells with electrostatically self-assembled BenMeIm-Cl ionic liquid layer as cathode interface layer

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