Nanoscaled interdigitated titanium electrodes for impedimetric biosensing

Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) Image Sensor: An Insight as a Point-of-Care Label-Free Immunosensor

“…There have been various types of immunosensors used in research related to electric, optic, or magnetic technologies to increase the sensitivity. [1][2][3] Among such approaches, complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology retains its high impact in immunosensing applications. 4,5 Recently, DNA detection was also successfully demonstrated using a fully integrated CMOS biochip.…”

Portable and Precise Measurements with Interdigital Electrodes at Wide Range of Conductivity

“…The measurements have done with Agilent inpedance analyser, where the method was applied, and they helped us to determine maximal error to 2% at the range from 1 fiS/cmto 100 mS/cm. This error was decreased below 1% by cell constant correction according to measured conductivity using (6). The responded conductivity is calculated from the cell constant corrected to the ridge frequency.…”

“…Then the equation for calculation of measuring frequency at minima of the capacitance can be derived into (6). The new equation describes the relation between measuring frequency and specific conductivity.…”

“…Optimal IDEs design was found to decrease error of measurement [4]. The double layers of micro electrodes, planar structure of IDEs, roughness significantly inpact the total capacitance behaviour of the electrode interface impedance [5], [6], [7]. The inpedance range can be suppressed at low and high frequencies which results to narrow band for the conductivity measurement.…”

“…This correction equation can increase accuracy of the measurement. When the influence of the conductivity on the cell constant is very strong, the correction of the cell constant should be performed according to (6).…”