Nanosecond laser ablation and deposition of silver, copper, zinc and tin

Cazzaniga, Andrea Carlo; Ettlinger, Rebecca Bolt; Canulescu, Stela; Schou, Jørgen; Pryds, Nini

doi:10.1007/s00339-013-8207-0

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Despite its advantages, PLD encounters challenges such as droplet formation leading to unwanted phases and inhomogeneity, especially when using multiple crystalline phase targets. Drawbacks include extended processing times for large film thicknesses and challenges in producing extensive area films [39,40].…”

Section: Pulsed Laser Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress and Challenges in Controlling Secondary Phases in Kesterite CZT(S/Se) Thin Films: A Critical Review

Zaki,

Velea

2024

Energies

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Kesterite-based copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) and copper zinc tin selenide (CZTSe) thin films have attracted considerable attention as promising materials for sustainable and cost-effective thin-film solar cells. However, the successful integration of these materials into photovoltaic devices is hindered by the coexistence of secondary phases, which can significantly affect device performance and stability. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress and challenges in controlling secondary phases in kesterite CZTS and CZTSe thin films. Drawing from relevant studies, we discuss state-of-the-art strategies and techniques employed to mitigate the formation of secondary phases. These include a range of deposition methods, such as electrodeposition, sol-gel, spray pyrolysis, evaporation, pulsed laser deposition, and sputtering, each presenting distinct benefits in enhancing phase purity. This study highlights the importance of employing various characterization techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, for the precise identification of secondary phases in CZTS and CZTSe thin films. Furthermore, the review discusses innovative strategies and techniques aimed at mitigating the occurrence of secondary phases, including process optimization, compositional tuning, and post-deposition treatments. These approaches offer promising avenues for enhancing the purity and performance of kesterite-based thin-film solar cells. Challenges and open questions in this field are addressed, and potential future research directions are proposed. By comprehensively analyzing recent advancements, this review contributes to a deeper understanding of secondary phase-related issues in kesterite CZT(S/Se) thin films, paving the way for enhanced performance and commercial viability of thin-film solar cell technologies.

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Section: Pulsed Laser Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress and Challenges in Controlling Secondary Phases in Kesterite CZT(S/Se) Thin Films: A Critical Review

Zaki,

Velea

2024

Energies

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“…A major problem is the high number of droplets formed in the films, leading to the apparition of unwanted phases and inhomogeneity [ 13 ] (when the single target is made from multiple crystalline phases, or when several targets are used). Other disadvantages are the long time needed to obtain films with large thicknesses [ 14 ] and the difficulty to produce large-area films.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin Films Obtained by Combined Magnetron Sputtering and Pulsed Laser Deposition

et al. 2021

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Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is a complex quaternary material, and obtaining a single-phase CZTS with no secondary phases is known to be challenging and dependent on the production technique. This work involves the synthesis and characterization of CZTS absorber layers for solar cells. Thin films were deposited on Si and glass substrates by a combined magnetron sputtering (MS) and pulsed laser deposition (PLD) hybrid system, followed by annealing without and with sulfur powder at 500 °C under argon (Ar) flow. Three different Cu2S, SnS2, and ZnS targets were used each time, employing a different target for PLD and the two others for MS. The effect of the different target arrangements and the role of annealing and/or sulfurization treatment were investigated. The characterization of the absorber films was performed by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), X-ray reflectometry (XRR), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and regular transmission spectroscopy. The film with ZnS deposited by PLD and SnS2 and Cu2S by MS was found to be the best for obtaining a single CZTS phase, with uniform surface morphology, a nearly stoichiometric composition, and an optimal band gap of 1.40 eV. These results show that a new method that combines the advantages of both MS and PLD techniques was successfully used to obtain single-phase Cu2ZnSnS4 films for solar cell applications.

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“…The deposition rate measurements of Zn, Cu and Sn metals taken under similar conditions [30] is significantly lower than the deposition rate of ZnS. This is partly because the heat conduction of sintered ZnS-target is much lower than for the metals and partly because the sintered target may have a high amount of defects at the grain boundaries which absorb photons at the laser energy 3.49 eV, which is slightly below the direct band gap energy of 3.54 eV for a perfect cubic-phase ZnS crystal.…”

Section: Deposition Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsed laser deposition from ZnS and Cu2SnS3 multicomponent targets

Ettlinger

Cazzaniga

Canulescu

et al. 2015

Applied Surface Science

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Thin films of ZnS and Cu 2 SnS 3 have been produced by pulsed laser deposition (PLD), the latter for the first time. The effect of fluence and deposition temperature on the structure and the transmission spectrum as well as the deposition rate has been investigated, as has the stoichiometry of the films transferred from target to substrate. Elemental analysis by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicates lower S and Sn content in Cu 2 SnS 3 films produced at higher fluence, whereas this trend is not seen in ZnS. The deposition rate of the compound materials measured in atoms per pulse is considerably larger than that of the individual metals, Zn, Cu, and Sn.

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Nanosecond laser ablation and deposition of silver, copper, zinc and tin

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Recent Progress and Challenges in Controlling Secondary Phases in Kesterite CZT(S/Se) Thin Films: A Critical Review

Recent Progress and Challenges in Controlling Secondary Phases in Kesterite CZT(S/Se) Thin Films: A Critical Review

Synthesis and Characterization of Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin Films Obtained by Combined Magnetron Sputtering and Pulsed Laser Deposition

Pulsed laser deposition from ZnS and Cu2SnS3 multicomponent targets

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