Nanostructural assembly of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in the middle layer of secondary wall of ginkgo tracheid

Terashima, Noritsugu; Kitano, Kohei; Kojima, Miho; Yoshida, Masato; Yamamoto, Hiroyuki; Westermark, Ulla

doi:10.1007/s10086-009-1049-x

Cited by 155 publications

(133 citation statements)

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“…The microfibrils, with an average width of 30 nm, may be visualized by spectroscopic methods (Caffal and Mohnen, 2009). The different size of the cellulose microfibril bundles could possibly be the result of a composite structure containing multiple elementary fibrils and hemicelluloses (Terashima et al, 2009;Donaldson, 2007;Ding et al, 2013). The width of cellulose fibrillary material measured in our study was comparable to the literature data and ranged from 20,66 to 166,06 nm (mean value 60,95 nm).…”

Section: Neopallasia Pectinata Mucilaginous Cell Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cellulose microfibrils are coated and cross-linked by hemicelluloses (Fujino et al, 2000;Ding and Himmel, 2006;Terashima et al, 2009;Scheller and Ulskov, 2010). The cellulose bundles of N. pectinata in our images were obviously covered by chains of molecules and also cross-linked by them.…”

Section: Neopallasia Pectinata Mucilaginous Cell Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cellulose bundles of N. pectinata in our images were obviously covered by chains of molecules and also cross-linked by them. Fibrillary structures cross-linking the CMF bundles, which were observed in the ginkgo tracheid cell wall, were regarded as hemicelluloses (Terashima et al, 2009). Other authors have also described cross-links between cellulose fibrils which appeared to be hemicelluloses (McCann et al, 1990;Ding et al, 2013).…”

Section: Neopallasia Pectinata Mucilaginous Cell Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12-24 nm or even from 50 to 250 nm (Ding and Himmel, 2006;Donaldson, 2007;Terashima et al, 2009;Ding et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They have revealed the fibrillary nature of cell wall components and such analyses have largely been based on the use of invasive sample preparations such as enzymatic or chemical treatments, which can destroy and/or influence cell wall organization and its individual components (McCann et al, 1990;Satiat-Jeunemaitre et al, 1992;McCann and Roberts, 1991;Nakashima et al, 1997;Zykwinska et al, 2007;Sarkar et al, 2009;Terashima et al, 2009;Sarkar et al, 2014). Some general micromorphological studies of seed coat mucilage envelope(s) using SEM analysis were also presented e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How does the cell wall ‘stick’ in the mucilage? A detailed microstructural analysis of the seed coat mucilaginous cell wall

Kreitschitz

Gorb

2017

Flora

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Please cite this article as: Kreitschitz, Agnieszka, Gorb, Stanislav N., How does the cell wall 'stick' in the mucilage? A detailed microstructural analysis of the seed coat mucilaginous cell wall.Flora http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flora. 2017.02.010 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. The examined pectic (Linum usitatissimum) and cellulose (Neopallasia pectinata) seed mucilage showed the fibrillary character of the components. The second type of mucilage indicated a much more arranged structure than that of the pectic one due to the presence of cellulose microfibrils. We showed cellulose organization in a net-like scaffold on which other mucilage components were spread and shoved how the mucilage was anchored to the seed surface through the cellulose skeleton, preventing it from being lost. Our detailed analysis gave an insight into how the mucilage is spatially arranged and also provided direct microstructural evidence of cell wall polysaccharides structure, distribution and interactions especially for widely-postulated xylan-cellulose linking. We demonstrated that xylan might be represented by long chains covering the surface of cellulose fibrils. The main advantage of the applied technique is its less-invasive character which retains the 3D structure of the components within the intact mucilaginous cell wall. As utilized in our studies, preparation and visualization methods with seed mucilage as a model system can give us new possibilities in structural studies of the (mucilaginous) cell wall.

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Section: Neopallasia Pectinata Mucilaginous Cell Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Neopallasia Pectinata Mucilaginous Cell Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Neopallasia Pectinata Mucilaginous Cell Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12-24 nm or even from 50 to 250 nm (Ding and Himmel, 2006;Donaldson, 2007;Terashima et al, 2009;Ding et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How does the cell wall ‘stick’ in the mucilage? A detailed microstructural analysis of the seed coat mucilaginous cell wall

Kreitschitz

Gorb

2017

Flora

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Sclerenchyma

Jarvis

2012

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Sclerenchyma is a specialised tissue, adapted to withstand both compressive and tensile stresses in plants. Sclerenchyma cell types may be divided into fibres, associated with phloem, xylem and other tissues; and sclereids or varied kinds. Sclereids originate from parenchyma and expand by intrusive growth. Phloem and xylem fibres in trees originate from the vascular cambium through delicately controlled, parallel cell divisions. Sclerenchyma cells have secondary wall layers that are constructed from cellulose microfibrils in a matrix of hemicelluloses and lignin. The cell geometry and the orientation of the cellulose are tailored to provide diverse combinations of strength, flexibility and stiffness in plant organs subjected to different loads by gravity, wind and weather. These properties are utilised in wood textiles and other natural materials of commercial importance. Key Concepts: Sclerenchyma is a plant tissue providing mechanical stiffness and strength. Fibres and sclereids are the main types of sclerenchyma cells. Most sclerenchyma cells show intrusive growth. The cell walls of sclerenchyma have thickened secondary layers made from cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. The stiffness of sclerenchyma depends on the orientation of cellulose and varies widely under developmental control. Formation of sclerenchyma is controlled by a range of transcription factors.

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Structural Natural Composites

Neves¹

2012

Wiley Encyclopedia of Composites

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Structural natural composites are synthesized and maintained by living organisms in mild conditions of temperature and pressure or in challenging aqueous saline environments unlike their synthetic counterparts, having remarkable properties. The study of the properties of bones, trees, or sea shells allows concluding that nature engineers materials with unusually high performance and particularly well adapted to the function in their native environments. This article analyzes the structure and its relation with the properties in three examples of natural structural composites: wood, nacre, and bone. It is aimed with those examples to illustrate the hierarchical structure at several length scales and the high effectiveness of the materials solutions to overcome the limitations of the original properties of biologically derived materials. The detailed analysis of those structures gives valuable insights and inspiration to the development of new and high performance composites needed in many engineering applications.

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Nanostructural assembly of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in the middle layer of secondary wall of ginkgo tracheid

Cited by 155 publications

References 25 publications

How does the cell wall ‘stick’ in the mucilage? A detailed microstructural analysis of the seed coat mucilaginous cell wall

How does the cell wall ‘stick’ in the mucilage? A detailed microstructural analysis of the seed coat mucilaginous cell wall

Sclerenchyma

Structural Natural Composites

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