Nanostructure and conductivity of thin metal films

Антонец, И. В.; Котов, Л. Н.; Nekipelov, S. V.; Golubev, Yevgeny A.

doi:10.1134/1.1688415

Cited by 34 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Metal coatings a few nanometers thick exhibit significantly reduced conductivity compared to that for the bulk material, due to such factors as reduction of the electron mean-free-path and surface roughness of the coating [18]. Discontinuities in the coating also strongly reduce the effective coating conductivity [48].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That is, υ rel ∝ σ shell . Very thin metal coatings exhibit conductivity which is significantly reduced compared with the value for the bulk metal [17,18], giving rise to the possibility that metal-coated particles embedded in a host medium will produce dielectric relaxation at microwave frequencies.…”

Section: Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relaxation frequency observed in these kinds of composites is now governed by the thickness, as well as the conductivity, of the conductive shell. Indeed, for very thin metal films the conductivity and film thickness are related [17,18]. Dielectric relaxation in these kinds of composites has been observed experimentally in the microwave [19] and optical/infrared [20][21][22] regions of the frequency spectrum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Designing dielectric loss at microwave frequencies using multi-layered filler particles in a composite

Bowler

2006

IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul.

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Microwave-absorbing materials find application in telecommunications, microwave heating and for representing the behavior of biological tissue in the presence of microwave radiation. Commonly, such materials are formed using ferromagnetic filler particles and rely on the phenomenon of ferromagnetic resonance for absorption of microwaves. Dielectric loss at microwave frequencies can be engineered through creating a phase lag, with respect to the applied electric field, of the movement of free charges in a composite formed using metal-coated filler particles. These materials can be engineered to be less dense and, therefore, more lightweight than those formed with ferromagnetic fillers, which is an advantage in some applications. Furthermore, theory shows that the frequency of maximum absorption can be tailored by selecting the conductivity and thickness of the particle coating although, in practice, it may be difficult to fabricate particles with tightly controlled physical parameters. In this work, theories for calculating complex permittivity of composites with layered filler particles are reviewed, and experimental observations of dielectric relaxation in composites formed by dispersing tungsten-coated glass bubbles in paraffin wax are shown.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Designing dielectric loss at microwave frequencies using multi-layered filler particles in a composite

Bowler

2006

IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul.

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“…This would be consistent with the polycrystalline nature of the films. [12][13][14] Both DC polarization and EIS show similar results to that obtained with 2-electrode probes. The conductivity values also agree with measurements from 4-point probe being within the same order of magnitude.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Electronic Transport in Lithiated Iron and Bismuth Fluoride

Halajko

Parkinson

et al. 2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Metal networks are formed during the lithiation of metal fluorides. Previous reports indicate that these networks are bi-continuous with the possibility to support electronic transport, though no quantitative analysis has been performed. In this study, thin films of FeF 2 and BiF 3 were chemically lithiated using n-butyllithium to form these metal networks. Direct current (DC) polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were utilized to find electronic conductivity and results were compared to their pure metals. Results indicate films to have higher than expected conductivity value which indicates that these metal networks support electronic transport during lithiation. © The Author(s) 2014. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 License (CC BY-NC-ND, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is not changed in any way and is properly cited. For permission for commercial reuse, please email: oa@electrochem.org. [DOI: 10.1149/2.0621501jes] All rights reserved. Lithium-ion batteries are the ubiquitous energy storage device for portable electronics. Historically, there has been a continuous quest for higher energy density chemistries in order to reduce the weight or volume in new innovative devices. Lithium conversion compounds are one of the promising alternatives for battery positive electrodes.1 The advantage is their ability to accommodate more than one lithium/electron per transition metal to achieve higher capacities than traditional intercalation compounds. Transition metal fluoride conversion materials have been a research focus because their highly ionic bonds allow reduction potentials approximately 1 V higher than the chalcogenides.2-5 As such, high capacity, low cost metal fluorides such as FeF 2 , FeF 3 and CuF 2 are of interest. FeF 2 has been extensively investigated as a potential electrode material due to its potential low cost and rutile structure which is common among the first row metal fluorides.6-8 The latter aspect makes it an excellent model material for fundamental studies. FeF 2 exhibits a single three phase reaction, FeF 2 + 2Li + + 2e − → Fe + 2 LiF, exhibiting a theoretical capacity of 571 mAh/g. During lithiation, most conversion materials of fluoride and dichacodenide chemistries form a bi-continuous network of nano metal and lithium salt (i.e. LiF, Li 2 O, etc.). This has been shown in a number of high resolution transmission electron microscopy studies and supported in part by molecular dynamic modeling.9,10 Although such networks visually appear to be electronic percolating (Figure 1) and may be the pathway for electron transport to the reaction front, there has been no data to suggest what order of magnitude the conductivity of this percolated network is. The goal of the effort presented herein is to establish quantitatively the electronic c...

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“…The topography of the film surface was studied with the aid of an atomic force microscope by the method described in [38][39][40]. Cantilevers with the probe cur vature radius of about 10 nm were used.…”

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confidence: 99%

Static and dynamic conduction of amorphous nanogranulated metal–dielectric composites

Антонец

Котов

Kirpicheva

et al. 2015

J. Commun. Technol. Electron.

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Static conduction and reflection and transmission of electromagnetic waves through thin films of granulated amorphous metal-dielectric zirconium containing nanocomposites are experimentally studied. It is demonstrated that the dynamic conductivity in the microwave range exceeds by two-three orders of magnitude the static conductivity measured at a dc current. To explain this phenomenon, the mechanism of intraganule currents is suggested. Recommendations for further studies are formulated.

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Nanostructure and conductivity of thin metal films

Cited by 34 publications

References 7 publications

Designing dielectric loss at microwave frequencies using multi-layered filler particles in a composite

Designing dielectric loss at microwave frequencies using multi-layered filler particles in a composite

Electronic Transport in Lithiated Iron and Bismuth Fluoride

Static and dynamic conduction of amorphous nanogranulated metal–dielectric composites

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