Nanotechnology and enzyme immobilization: a review

Abstract

The synergy between enzyme and nanotechnology (Nano-biocatalysts) has greatly surfaced as one of the promising biomaterials fabricated by synergistically incorporating advanced nanobiotechnology. The incorporation of enzymes into nanotechnology is of great significance to make nanomaterials rarely harmful to the environment. However, the unique/specific physicochemical characteristics and supramolecular nature ascribed to functional nanostructures (nanomaterials), have made them novel, interesting to be exceptional matrices for the creation of nano-biocatalysts. These possess a lot of prospects in improving the enzyme stability, function, efficiency, kinetic characteristics, vulnerability to diffusional constraints, and engineering performance in bioprocessing. Hence, the developed nano-biocatalyst conceal an exceptional property with a great potential application in diverse field. This review covers a wide range of nanotechnology and enzyme technology (nano-biocatalysts) including different mechanisms, strategies in nanomaterials enzyme immobilization, and various nanocarriers as well as their recent developments in controlling enzyme activity. The vast potential application of nano-biocatalysts in various fields including food, pharmaceuticals, biofuel, and bioremediation have been discussed.

Role of Clay Substrate Molecular Interactions in Some Dairy Technology Applications

“…Another strategy for addressing the issue of enzyme consumption resides in postprocess enzyme recovery, i.e., enzyme separation after its use in a given process. Possible approaches in this regard involved enzyme immobilization on solids as already reported by the fairly extensive literature [64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74], and many works were devoted to food technology purposes [72,73,[75][76][77][78][79][80][81]. The use of immobilized enzymes such as lactase for continuous hydrolysis of lactose in milk for the production of lactose-free milk is one of the most important applications in dairy technology [82].…”

Nanomaterial-based biosensors for the detection of foodborne bacteria: a review

“…Enzyme immobilization is considered the solution to these problems. 83 Diatomite, silica gel, organic polymer, natural polymer, porous glass, activated carbon, mesoporous silica, carbon nanotube and so on are used as immobilization matrixes, but the specific surface area of these carriers is not large enough to immobilize more enzymes. There are not many kinds, the choice is limited, and the designability is poor.…”

Recent Advances in the Strategies of Simultaneous Enzyme Immobilization Accompanied by Nanocarrier Synthesis

“…This is field of enzyme immobilization has garnered widespread attention. This is due to the unique properties of nanomaterials [23], such as a larger surface area-to-volume ratio, greater resistance to stress, and lower mass transfer resistance, which help address the drawbacks of traditional enzyme immobilization methods.…”