Nanotechnology in Diagnosis: A Review

Abstract

The fast pace of today's world has presented several challenges in the area of healthcare. Depression, hypertension, diabetes, cancers and several infectious diseases are just some of the common outcomes associated with the high speed stress-filled lifestyle. Early diagnosis has been the goal for prompt arrest and management of these health conditions. This has been a challenge in recent times. However, great scientific advancement with improved potential in medical diagnosis has equally been a giant stride in times like these. Early disease detection even before symptoms' presentation, improved imaging of internal body structure, as well as ease of diagnostic procedures, have been developed with the help of a new branch of laboratory medicine termed nanodiagnostics. Use of microchips, biosensors, nanorobots, nano identification of single celled structures, and microelectromechanical systems are current techniques being developed for use in nanodiagnostics. This piece of write up takes a panoramic view of available nanotechnological advances in current use for medical diagnosis and projecting into future possibilities and potentials for an improved health care delivery.

Diagnosis of Tuberculosis: Nanodiagnostics Approaches

“…The nanoscale size and high surface-tovolume ratio of nanoparticles makes this field superior and indispensable in multifield of human action. The unique properties of nanomaterials or nanostructures deliberate the nanodiagnostic platforms and ability of rapid detection by utilizing very small volumes of clinical samples (Jackson et al 2017). The technology itself is variegated, and several options are available, for instance, nanosuspensions, nanoemulsions, niosomes (nonionic surfactant-based vesicles).…”

A Spellbinding Interplay Between Biological Barcoding and Nanotechnology

“…Surface of these nanopores could adsorb proteins through the addition of silica molecules. These hydroxyapatite nanoparticles can also be utilized for the detection of bone defects (Jackson et al, 2017). These dots specifically produce a spectrum of colors when embedded into specific microbeads in excitation state.…”

“…These dots can be operated as diagnostics as well as therapeutics in conjugation with different diagnostic techniques. For instance, when QDs get conjugated with fluorescence microscopy, help to observe living cells and labeling of various cancer markers (Jackson et al, 2017). Other applications of the quantum dot may include multiplexed detection and viral diagnostics (Maralla and Bharathi, 2019).…”

“…Their size may range in 15-20 nm. These particles can be constructed from glycidyl methacrylate with embodiment in copolymer beads (Jackson et al, 2017). Super MNPs have been described for calcium-sensing and tracking of cells.…”

Facile Synthesis Route of Au-Ag Nanostructures Soaked in PEG

“…Among the various nanostructured materials, Au and Ag nanostructures have received particular interest. These nanomaterials have remarkable optical and antibacterial properties [3] [4] and, fascinating applications in wide areas such as sensing [5] [6] [7], catalysis [8], optical labeling [9] [10], drug delivery [11] [12], cancer diagnosis and its treatment [12] [13].…”