Nanovesicles Based on Mixtures of a Biantennary Glycolipid with Ionic Co‐Surfactants

Abstract

A biantennary surfactant based on a synthetic C16‐maltoside was chosen to prepare vesicles for a potential vesicular drug delivery system. The synthesis comprised of three stages: Initial synthesis of β‐d‐maltose octaacetate was followed by glycosidation of 2‐hexyl‐decanol and final glycolipid deacetylation. Both α‐ and β‐anomers were prepared and their anomeric purity was evaluated by 1H NMR. Owing to the low water solubility of the glycolipid, addition of ionic co‐surfactants was believed to promote the surfactant distribution, thus leading to smaller and more uniform vesicles. The assembly behavior of the surfactant systems was studied by contact penetration under an optical polarizing microscope, while interfacial properties were determined by surface tension measurements. Vesicles were prepared by injection of an ethanolic solution into bulk water and investigated by dynamic light scattering and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Contact of the surfactant mixtures with water indicated a high tendency to exhibit the lamellar phase and confirmed the expected low molecular solubility. These findings suggest a potential of the surfactant to form stable vesicles. Injection of an ethanolic surfactant solution into bulk water gave sub‐micrometer sized vesicles with a narrow size distribution. Application of ionic co‐surfactants reduced the vesicle size. In particular ∼20 % of anionic SDS proved highly effective, lowering the vesicle size by nearly one decade, thus accessing nano‐sized vesicles. Encapsulation of a water‐soluble drug was achieved in a 76 ± 10 % efficiency.

Lipid-based nanoparticles for psoriasis treatment: a review on conventional treatments, recent works, and future prospects

“…This leads to a further novel approach as researchers can broaden their horizon in selecting the lipid components as the starting materials for more natural and greener products, such as cardanol, sugar-based surfactants, glycolipids, and biosurfactants. [302][303][304][305][306] However, the Cpp of the lipid surfactants must be acknowledged since the morphology prediction would determine the success of preparing any lipid-based nanoparticles. For example, non-ionic lipid surfactants that have (1/2 < Cpp < 1) would form vesicles (niosomes) in an aqueous medium but other types of non-ionic lipid surfactants with (1/3 < Cpp < 1/2) would form cylindrical micelles (nanoemulsions), [171][172][173] as discussed in Section 5.0.…”