Naphthalene Derivatives

Abstract

Naphthalene derivatives are of diverse importance as intermediates for agricultural, construction, pharmaceutical, photographic, rubber, tanning, and textile chemicals. Production figures, economics, and processes are discussed on most commercially important compounds. Not many processes for manufacturing naphthalene derivatives have changed in recent years, though there are a few changes in the equipment design, the material of construction and in refining techniques to meet environmental regulations. Use of high purity petroleum‐derived naphthalene has, in some cases, resulted in better purity of the derivatives and elimination of expensive prepurification steps. Phenyl‐1,4‐dihydroxy‐2‐naphthoate has an important application in photographic materials in the United States, Europe, and Japan. Much attention has been focused on the manufacture of 2,6‐naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, a potential monomer in the production of polyester fibers and plastics with superior properties. Most naphthalene derivatives are intermediates and are manufactured for captive use, so that true production figures are difficult to obtain. Vol. 16, pp. 979–1017, 143 refs. to June 1994.

Synthesis of 1-Nitronaphthalene under Homogeneous Conditions

“…The yields were the same under the selected synthesis conditions (Table 1). The isolated products were characterized by their melting point, UV and IR spectra, these results are the same for all samples and correspond to the literature data for 1-nitronaphthalene (Talukder and Kates, 1995;Srivastava et al, 2011). GC-MS analysis was carried out only on 3 samples.…”

Saturation Mutagenesis of Toluene ortho -Monooxygenase of Burkholderia cepacia G4 for Enhanced 1-Naphthol Synthesis and Chloroform Degradation

“…Aqueous biocatalytic processes also eliminate the need for strong, potentially hazardous acids, require low metal concentrations, and do not require solvents; thus, they are environmentally friendly. Over 15,000 tons of 1-naphthol are produced annually in the United States, and most commercial processes use chemical methods requiring acids, bases, and metal catalysts (38). Hence, the application of biocatalytic processes for 1-naphthol production may have a significant beneficial environmental impact.…”

Directed Evolution of Toluene ortho -Monooxygenase for Enhanced 1-Naphthol Synthesis and Chlorinated Ethene Degradation

“…The greatest strength of biocatalysis is performing reactions under mild conditions with nontoxic reagents (3). An example of a transformation which may be beneficial to conduct biologically is the conversion of naphthalene to naphthols; naphthols are used widely in the manufacturing of many herbicides, insecticides, drugs, and dyes (43). Current methods of manufacturing naphthols require acids, bases, and metal catalysts (43), none of which is environmentally friendly, cheap, or disposable.…”

“…An example of a transformation which may be beneficial to conduct biologically is the conversion of naphthalene to naphthols; naphthols are used widely in the manufacturing of many herbicides, insecticides, drugs, and dyes (43). Current methods of manufacturing naphthols require acids, bases, and metal catalysts (43), none of which is environmentally friendly, cheap, or disposable. With 1.5 ϫ 10 4 tons per year of 1-naphthol made in the United States (43), the use of biocatalytic methods to manufacture naphthols could dramatically decrease waste.…”

“…Current methods of manufacturing naphthols require acids, bases, and metal catalysts (43), none of which is environmentally friendly, cheap, or disposable. With 1.5 ϫ 10 4 tons per year of 1-naphthol made in the United States (43), the use of biocatalytic methods to manufacture naphthols could dramatically decrease waste.…”