Naringenin Inhibits UVB Irradiation-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in the Skin of Hairless Mice

Abstract

Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation may cause inflammation- and oxidative-stress-dependent skin cancer and premature aging. Naringenin (1) has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, but its effects and mechanisms on UVB irradiation-induced inflammation and oxidative stress are still not known. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the potential of naringenin to mitigate UVB irradiation-induced inflammation and oxidative damage in the skin of hairless mice. Skin edema, myeloperoxidase (neutrophil marker) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity, and cytokine production were measured after UVB irradiation. Oxidative stress was evaluated by 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical (ABTS) scavenging ability, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), reduced glutathione levels, catalase activity, lipid peroxidation products, superoxide anion production, and gp91phox (NADPH oxidase subunit) mRNA expression by quantitative PCR. The intraperitoneal treatment with naringenin reduced skin inflammation by inhibiting skin edema, neutrophil recruitment, MMP-9 activity, and pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, IL-22, and IL-23) and anti-inflammatory (TGF-β and IL-10) cytokines. Naringenin also inhibited oxidative stress by reducing superoxide anion production and the mRNA expression of gp91phox. Therefore, naringenin inhibits UVB irradiation-induced skin damage and may be a promising therapeutic approach to control skin disease.

The Citrus Flavanone Naringenin Protects Myocardial Cells against Age‐Associated Damage

“…These results are consistent with previous studies that were carried out using the skin of hairless mice in which UVB irradiation was used to induce oxidative stress and premature aging [60]. Nar has been shown to mitigate UVB irradiation-induced oxidative stress by reducing superoxide anion production and the mRNA expression of a subunit of NADPH oxidase [60]. …”

Naringenin regulates production of matrix metalloproteinases in the knee-joint and primary cultured articular chondrocytes and alleviates pain in rat osteoarthritis model

“…Naringenin is a plant-derived flavanone found in tomato, grapefruit and citrus fruits (16). Naringenin is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties (17,18). Naringenin has also been shown to have a role in modulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 via inhibition of NF-κB pathway (19).…”

Naringenin: an analgesic and anti-inflammatory citrus flavanone

“…Naringenin inhibits the pain-like behavior induced by inflammatory stimuli such as phenyl-p-benzoquinone, acetic acid, formalin, complete Freund’s adjuvant, capsaicin, carrageenan [2], superoxide anion [3], and LPS [5]. Moreover, naringenin inhibits UVB irradiation-induced skin inflammatory edema, cytokine production, myeloperoxidase activity, matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity, and oxidative stress [4]. …”

“…Activated macrophages and neutrophils induce oxidative stress by producing superoxide anion and other reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species. Naringenin inhibits leukocyte recruitment [2–5] and production of superoxide anion [3–5], whilst increases GSH [2–4], and antioxidant capacity [3–5]. Naringenin also acts on macrophages inducing Nrf2 activation, a nuclear factor that induces antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses, inducing HO-1 expression [3].…”

“…Pro-hyperalgesic cytokines induce the production of lipid mediators such as PGE 2 that sensitize the nociceptor neurons. Naringenin inhibits LPS- and carrageenan-induced NFκB activation in vivo [2] and in vitro [5], which contributes to naringenin inhibition of IL-33 [2], TNFα [3–5], IL-1β [2, 4, 5] and IL-6 [4,5] production and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA [3] (Figure 1). …”