Naringin and Naringenin Polyphenols in Neurological Diseases: Understandings from a Therapeutic Viewpoint

Emran, Talha Bin; Islam, Fahadul; Nath, Nikhil; Sutradhar, Hriday; Das, Rajib; Mitra, Saikat; Alshahrani, Mohammed; Alhasaniah, Abdulaziz Hassan; Sharma, Rohit

doi:10.3390/life13010099

Cited by 37 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…The protective effects exerted by BF could be explained by its chemical composition; in fact, the HPLC analysis suggested the presence of many protective polyphenols such as brutieridine, melitidine, naringin, neoeriocitrine, and neohesperidine, among others (Figure 1). In recent years, numerous studies in the scientific literature have shown a protective action by these compounds against the neurodegenerative pathology of AD [56][57][58][59]. In addition, a quantification test of total polyphenols and flavonoids carried out on BF showed that their content was 48.8 ± 5 and 6.21 ± 2.9 mg dry extract, respectively (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Protective Role of an Extract Waste Product from Citrus bergamia in an In Vitro Model of Neurodegeneration

Maiuolo

Bosco

Guarnieri

et al. 2023

Plants

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A balanced diet, rich in fruits and vegetables and ensuring the intake of natural products, has been shown to reduce or prevent the occurrence of many chronic diseases. However, the choice to consume large quantities of fruits and vegetables leads to an increase in the amount of waste, which can cause an alteration in environmental sustainability. To date, the concept of a “byproduct” has evolved, now being understood as a waste product from which it is still possible obtain useful compounds. Byproducts in the agricultural sector are a rich source of bioactive compounds, capable of possessing a second life, decreasing the amount of waste products, the disposal costs, and environmental pollution. A promising and well-known citrus of the Mediterranean diet is the bergamot (Citrus bergamia, Risso et Poiteau). The composition of bergamot is known, and the rich presence of phenolic compounds and essential oils has justified the countless beneficial properties found, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cholesterolemic, and protective activity for the immune system, heart failure, and coronary heart diseases. The industrial processing of bergamot fruits leads to the formation of bergamot juice and bergamot oil. The solid residues, referred to as “pastazzo”, are normally used as feed for livestock or pectin production. The fiber of bergamot (BF) can be obtained from pastazzo and could exert an interesting effect thanks to its content of polyphenols. The aims of this work were twofold: (a) to have more information (composition, polyphenol and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, etc.) on BF powder and (b) to verify the effects of BF on an in vitro model of neurotoxicity induced by treatment with amyloid beta protein (Aβ). In particular, a study of cell lines was carried out on both neurons and oligodendrocytes, to measure the involvement of the glia and compare it with that of the neurons. The results obtained showed that BF powder contains polyphenols and flavonoids and that it is able to exercise an antioxidant property. Moreover, BF exerts a protective action on the damage induced by treatment with Aβ, and this defense is found in experiments on the cell viability, on the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, on the involvement of the expression of caspase-3, and on necrotic or apoptotic death. In all these results, oligodendrocytes were always more sensitive and fragile than neurons. Further experiments are needed, and if this trend is confirmed, BF could be used in AD; at the same time, it could help to avoid the accumulation of waste products.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Protective Role of an Extract Waste Product from Citrus bergamia in an In Vitro Model of Neurodegeneration

Maiuolo

Bosco

Guarnieri

et al. 2023

Plants

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“…Protopanaxatriol, present in Panax ginseng Mayer, protects against oxidative stress [ 87 , 100 ]. The flavonoids naringin and naringenin, present in tomatoes, bergamots, and various citrus, have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties [ 88 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 ]. Several phytochemicals inducing DT-diaphorase have been reported that include farrerol, sesamol, oxyphylla A, sargassum serratifolium, ginsenoside Re, sulforaphane, protopanaxatriol, and naringin [ 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 99 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Preclinical Model for Parkinson’s Disease Based on Transcriptional Gene Activation via KEAP1/NRF2 to Develop New Antioxidant Therapies

Segura‐Aguilar

Mannervik

2023

Antioxidants

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Investigations of the effect of antioxidants on idiopathic Parkinson’s disease have been unsuccessful because the preclinical models used to propose these clinical studies do not accurately represent the neurodegenerative process of the disease. Treatment with certain exogenous neurotoxins induces massive and extremely rapid degeneration; for example, MPTP causes severe Parkinsonism in just three days, while the degenerative process of idiopathic Parkinson´s disease proceeds over many years. The endogenous neurotoxin aminochrome seems to be a good alternative target since it is formed in the nigrostriatal system neurons where the degenerative process occurs. Aminochrome induces all the mechanisms reported to be involved in the degenerative processes of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. The presence of neuromelanin-containing dopaminergic neurons in the postmortem brain of healthy elderly people suggests that neuromelanin synthesis is a normal and harmless process despite the fact that it requires oxidation of dopamine to three ortho-quinones that are potentially toxic, especially aminochrome. The apparent contradiction that neuromelanin synthesis is harmless, despite its formation via neurotoxic ortho-quinones, can be explained by the protective roles of DT-diaphorase and glutathione transferase GSTM2-2 as well as the neuroprotective role of astrocytes secreting exosomes loaded with GSTM2-2. Increasing the expression of DT-diaphorase and GSTM2-2 may be a therapeutic goal to prevent the degeneration of new neuromelanin-containing dopaminergic neurons. Several phytochemicals that induce DT-diaphorase have been discovered and, therefore, an interesting question is whether these phytochemical KEAP1/NRF2 activators can inhibit or decrease aminochrome-induced neurotoxicity.

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“…The serotonergic system regulates mood and hunger while impacting cognitive processes in the brain. Treatment for these disorders requires a unique approach to each symptom among individual 120 .…”

Section: Polyphenols Targeting the Nf-κb Pathway In Neurological Dise...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyphenols Targeting NF-κB Pathway in Neurological Disorders: What We Know So Far?

Mamun,

Shao,

Geng

et al. 2024

Int. J. Biol. Sci.

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Polyphenolic compounds have shown promising neuroprotective properties, making them a valuable resource for identifying prospective drug candidates to treat several neurological disorders (NDs). Numerous studies have reported that polyphenols can disrupt the nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation or ubiquitination of signaling molecules, which further prevents the degradation of IκB. Additionally, they prevent NF-κB translocation to the nucleus and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Polyphenols such as curcumin, resveratrol, and pterostilbene had significant inhibitory effects on NF-κB, making them promising candidates for treating NDs. Recent experimental findings suggest that polyphenols possess a wide range of pharmacological properties. Notably, much attention has been directed towards their potential therapeutic effects in NDs such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), cerebral ischemia, anxiety, depression, autism, and spinal cord injury (SCI). Much preclinical data supporting the neurotherapeutic benefits of polyphenols has been developed. Nevertheless, this study has described the significance of polyphenols as potential neurotherapeutic agents, specifically emphasizing their impact on the NF-κB pathway. This article offers a comprehensive analysis of the involvement of polyphenols in NDs, including both preclinical and clinical perspectives.

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Naringin and Naringenin Polyphenols in Neurological Diseases: Understandings from a Therapeutic Viewpoint

Cited by 37 publications

References 154 publications

Protective Role of an Extract Waste Product from Citrus bergamia in an In Vitro Model of Neurodegeneration

Protective Role of an Extract Waste Product from Citrus bergamia in an In Vitro Model of Neurodegeneration

A Preclinical Model for Parkinson’s Disease Based on Transcriptional Gene Activation via KEAP1/NRF2 to Develop New Antioxidant Therapies

Polyphenols Targeting NF-κB Pathway in Neurological Disorders: What We Know So Far?

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