NASA's Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (GRIP) Field Experiment

Braun, Scott A.; Kakar, Ramesh K.; Zipser, Edward J.; Heymsfield, Gerald M.; Albers, Cerese; Brown, Shannon; Durden, Stephen L.; Guimond, Stephen R.; Halverson, Jeffrey B.; Heymsfield, Andrew J.; Ismail, Syed; Lambrigtsen, Bjorn; Miller, Timothy L.; Tanelli, Simone; Thomas, J. R.; Zawislak, Jon

doi:10.1175/bams-d-11-00232.1

Cited by 99 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In the present study we use dropsonde data from six GRIP missions, for which dropsondes were launched from the NASA DC-8 aircraft. Braun et al (2012) describe the tools and the objectives of the GRIP experiment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between dynamics and thermodynamics during tropical cyclogenesis

Gjorgjievska

Raymond

2014

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Observational data of tropical disturbances are analyzed in order to investigate tropical cyclogenesis. Data from 37 cases observed during three field campaigns are used to investigate possible correlations between various dynamic and thermodynamic variables. The results show that a strong mid-level vortex is necessary to promote spin up of the lowlevel vortex in a tropical cyclone. This paper presents a theory on the mechanism of this process. The mid-level vortex creates a thermodynamic environment conducive to convection with a more bottom-heavy mass flux profile that exhibits a strong positive vertical gradient in a shallow layer near the surface. Mass continuity then implies that the strongest horizontal mass and vorticity convergence occurs near the surface. This results in low-level vortex intensification.For two of the disturbances that were observed during several consecutive days, evolution of the dynamics and thermodynamics is documented. One of these disturbances, Karl, was observed in the period before it intensified into a tropical storm; the other one, Gaston, was observed after it unexpectedly decayed from a tropical storm to a tropical disturbance. A hypothesis on its decay is presented.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between dynamics and thermodynamics during tropical cyclogenesis

Gjorgjievska

Raymond

2014

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…Detection of transient or rare targets -Many airborne missions hunt isolated or nonstationary phenomena. Examples include trace-gas emissions Gerilowski et al, 2015), algal blooms (Karaska et al, 2004), invasive species (Ustin et al, 2002), isolated microhabitats (Thompson et al, 2013b), and hurricane intensity (Braun et al, 2013). Aircraft use radar to hunt extreme weather, and lidar to find cirrus, thunderstorms or biomass burning (Rolph, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time remote detection and measurement for airborne imaging spectroscopy: a case study with methane

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Localized anthropogenic sources of atmospheric CH 4 are highly uncertain and temporally variable. Airborne remote measurement is an effective method to detect and quantify these emissions. In a campaign context, the science yield can be dramatically increased by real-time retrievals that allow operators to coordinate multiple measurements of the most active areas. This can improve science outcomes for both single-and multiple-platform missions. We describe a case study of the NASA/ESA CO 2 and MEthane eXperiment (COMEX) campaign in California during June and August/September 2014. COMEX was a multi-platform campaign to measure CH 4 plumes released from anthropogenic sources including oil and gas infrastructure. We discuss principles for real-time spectral signature detection and measurement, and report performance on the NASA Next Generation Airborne Visible Infrared Spectrometer (AVIRIS-NG). AVIRIS-NG successfully detected CH 4 plumes in realtime at Gb s −1 data rates, characterizing fugitive releases in concert with other in situ and remote instruments. The teams used these real-time CH 4 detections to coordinate measurements across multiple platforms, including airborne in situ, airborne non-imaging remote sensing, and groundbased in situ instruments. To our knowledge this is the first reported use of real-time trace-gas signature detection in an airborne science campaign, and presages many future applications. Post-analysis demonstrates matched filter methods providing noise-equivalent (1σ ) detection sensitivity for 1.0 % CH4 column enhancements equal to 141 ppm m.

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“…We explore relationships between lightning, cloud microphysics, and TC storm structure using data gathered from research flights into Hurricane Karl on 16 September 2010. Although previous observational studies (e.g., Black and Hallett 1999;Cecil et al 2002;Cecil and Zipser 2002;Cecil et al 2010) have analyzed characteristics of electrified TCs, our study synthesizes an unprecedented number of in situ datasets collected within Karl during the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) 2010 Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (GRIP) experiment (Braun et al 2013). Coordinated flight legs by the DC-8 and Global Hawk (GH) aircraft are classified based on observed lightning activity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Understanding the Relationships between Lightning, Cloud Microphysics, and Airborne Radar-Derived Storm Structure during Hurricane Karl (2010)

Reinhart

Fuelberg

Blakeslee

et al. 2014

Monthly Weather Review

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This study explores relationships between lightning, cloud microphysics, and tropical cyclone (TC) storm structure in Hurricane Karl (16 September 2010) using data collected by the NASA DC-8 and Global Hawk (GH) aircraft during NASA's Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (GRIP) experiment. The research capitalizes on the unique opportunity provided by GRIP to synthesize multiple datasets from two aircraft and analyze the microphysical and kinematic properties of an electrified TC. Five coordinated flight legs through Karl by the DC-8 and GH are investigated, focusing on the inner-core region (within 50 km of the storm center) where the lightning was concentrated and the aircraft were well coordinated. GRIP datasets are used to compare properties of electrified and nonelectrified inner-core regions that are related to the noninductive charging mechanism, which is widely accepted to explain the observed electric fields within thunderstorms. Three common characteristics of Karl's electrified regions are identified: 1) strong updrafts of 10-20 m s 21 ,2) deep mixed-phase layers indicated by reflectivities .30 dBZ extending several kilometers above the freezing level, and 3) microphysical environments consisting of graupel, very small ice particles, and the inferred presence of supercooled water. These characteristics describe an environment favorable for in situ noninductive charging and, hence, TC electrification. The electrified regions in Karl's inner core are attributable to a microphysical environment that was conducive to electrification because of occasional, strong convective updrafts in the eyewall.

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NASA's Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (GRIP) Field Experiment

Cited by 99 publications

References 42 publications

Interaction between dynamics and thermodynamics during tropical cyclogenesis

Interaction between dynamics and thermodynamics during tropical cyclogenesis

Real-time remote detection and measurement for airborne imaging spectroscopy: a case study with methane

Understanding the Relationships between Lightning, Cloud Microphysics, and Airborne Radar-Derived Storm Structure during Hurricane Karl (2010)

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