Nasal contribution to breathing with exercise: effect of race and gender

Bennett, William D.; Zeman, Kirby L.; Jarabek, Annie M.

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00718.2002

Cited by 53 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Individuals with CMB show changes in the muscular, circulatory, and respiratory systems, and such changes can affect the physiological response to exercise. (24) Some studies have assessed cardiorespiratory function in subjects under conditions that induce mouth breathing. (25)(26)(27)(28) Ribeiro & Soares (25) observed that some spirometric indices (FEF 25-75% and maximal voluntary ventilation) were below and decreased cervical lordosis in 30 mouthbreathing children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiração bucal e anteriorização da cabeça: efeitos na biomecânica respiratória e na capacidade de exercício em crianças

et al. 2011

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Objective: To evaluate submaximal exercise tolerance and respiratory muscle strength in relation to forward head posture (FHP) and respiratory mode in children, comparing mouth-breathing (MB) children with nasal-breathing (NB) children. Methods: This was a controlled, analytical cross-sectional study involving children in the 8-12 year age bracket with a clinical otorhinolaryngology diagnosis of MB, recruited between October of 2010 and January of 2011 from the Mouth Breather Clinic at the State University of Campinas Hospital de Clínicas, located in the city of Campinas, Brazil. The exclusion criteria were obesity, asthma, chronic respiratory diseases, heart disease, and neurological or orthopedic disorders. All of the participants underwent postural assessment and the six-minute walk test (6MWT), together with determination of MIP and MEP. Results: Of the 92 children in the study, 30 presented with MB and 62 presented with NB. In the MB group, the differences between those with moderate or severe FHP and those with normal head posture, in terms of the mean MIP, MEP and six-minute walk distance (6MWD), were not significant (p = 0.079, p = 0.622, and p = 0.957, respectively). In the NB group, the mean values of MIP and MEP were higher in the children with moderate FHP than in those with normal head posture (p = 0.003 and p = 0.004, respectively). The mean MIP, MEP, and 6MWD were lower in the MB group than in the NB group. Values of MIP and MEP were highest in the children with moderate FHP. Conclusions: Respiratory biomechanics and exercise capacity were negatively affected by MB. The presence of moderate FHP acted as a compensatory mechanism in order to improve respiratory muscle function.Keywords: Mouth breathing; Posture; Exercise tolerance; Respiratory mechanics. ResumoObjetivo: Avaliar a tolerância ao exercício submáximo e a força muscular respiratória em relação à anteriorização da cabeça (AC) e ao tipo respiratório em crianças com respiração bucal (RB) ou nasal (RN). Métodos: Estudo analítico transversal com um grupo controle no qual foram incluídas crianças de 8 a 12 anos com diagnóstico clínico otorrinolaringológico de RB, recrutadas do Ambulatório do Respirador Bucal do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas (SP), entre outubro de 2010 e janeiro de 2011. Os critérios de exclusão foram obesidade, asma, doenças respiratórias crônicas, cardiopatias e distúrbios neurológicos ou ortopédicos. Todos os participantes foram submetidos a avaliação postural, teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6) e determinação de PImáx e PEmáx. Resultados: Das 92 crianças do estudo, 30 tinham RB e 62 tinham RN. No grupo RB, não houve diferenças nas médias de PImáx, PEmáx e distância percorrida pelo TC6 (DTC6) entre o grupo com AC classificada como grave ou moderada e aquele com AC normal (p = 0,622; p = 0,957; e p = 0,079, respectivamente). No grupo RN, as médias de PImáx e PEmáx foram maiores no grupo com AC moderada do que naquele com AC normal (p = 0,003 e p = 0,004, respectivamente). Os...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiração bucal e anteriorização da cabeça: efeitos na biomecânica respiratória e na capacidade de exercício em crianças

et al. 2011

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“…The total dose conversion factor (DCF) for combined style of breathing can be calculated with the assumption of 60% mouth and 40% nasal breathing [17]:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of air conditioning changes on the effective dose due to radon and its short-lived decay products

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Most people spend the majority of their time in indoor environments where the level of harmful pollutants is often signifi cantly higher than outdoors. Radon ( 222 Rn) and its decay products are the example of radioactive pollutants. These radioisotopes are the main source of ionizing radiation in non-industrial buildings. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of air-conditioning system on radon and its progeny concentrations and thus on the effective dose. The measurements were carried out in the auditorium at the Environmental Engineering Faculty (Lublin University of Technology, Poland). Measurements of radon and its progeny (in attached and unattached fractions) as well as measurements of the following indoor air parameters were performed in two air-conditioning (AC) operation modes: AC ON and AC ON/OFF. The air supply rate and air recirculation were taken into consideration. The separation of radon progeny into attached and unattached fractions allowed for determining, respectively, the dose conversion factor (DCF) and the inhalation dose for teachers and students in the auditorium. A considerable increase of the mean radon progeny concentrations from 1.

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“…A maximum oral-to-nasal airflow ratio from 30 to 67% was observed at ventilation levels from 38 to 65 L/min. The differences between subjects should be included, as the change of each airway resistance from nearly equal during wakefulness to twice as large as the oral resistance during sleeping (supine position) Fitzpatrick et al (2003) or racial differences, Bennett et al (2003) may be important.…”

Section: Steadymentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD Transient Simulation of a Breathing Cycle in an Oral-Nasal Extrathoracic Model

Paz¹,

Suárez²,

Concheiro³

et al. 2017

JAFM

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Knowledge of respiratory flow behaviour is important in many respiratory medical fields. The usefulness of numerical models in providing a better understanding of flow phenomena has made the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) an indispensable research tool due to the difficulty of measuring in vivo data. In this research, the extrathoracic airways and the upper tracheobronchial region, trachea and main bronchus bifurcation were modelled. Oral and nasal breathing routes have been considered under steady and cyclic unsteady conditions. A realistic far boundary condition was imposed as the flow inlet. Different ventilation levels and frequencies were simulated. The model presented has been validated successfully by two parts: nasal and oral models. The airflow distributions through oral and nasal routes were determined, analysed and compared under different breathing conditions. The flow behaviour and respiratory effort during inhalation and exhalation phases change from rest to high activity; the flow can increase 40% with the same respiratory effort, opening the mouth during the inspiration. Significant differences in turbulent intensity contours in steady and unsteady cases have been observed. This study demonstrated the relevance of considering different breathing patterns and more realistic unsteady conditions.

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Nasal contribution to breathing with exercise: effect of race and gender

Cited by 53 publications

References 31 publications

Respiração bucal e anteriorização da cabeça: efeitos na biomecânica respiratória e na capacidade de exercício em crianças

Respiração bucal e anteriorização da cabeça: efeitos na biomecânica respiratória e na capacidade de exercício em crianças

The influence of air conditioning changes on the effective dose due to radon and its short-lived decay products

CFD Transient Simulation of a Breathing Cycle in an Oral-Nasal Extrathoracic Model

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