Nasal Dermoid Sinus Cyst

Abstract

Nasal dermoid sinus cyst is one of the diagnoses of midline nasal masses in children. This retrospective study analyzes the various theories regarding the origin of this congenital abnormality, the differential diagnosis, and the value of magnetic resonance imaging, as well as the various surgical options available.

Nasal Dermoid Sinus Cysts in the Dog

“…In humans, NDSC is diagnosed on the basis of surgical findings of a midline sinus tract or cyst filled with hair, keratinous debris, and sebum together with typical histopathologic findings of a dermoid cyst. 12,20,21 It was apparent that there are many features of the human condition that are similar to the cases reported here, and they were diagnosed as nasal dermoid sinus cysts.…”

“…The embryologic derivation of the lesions found in these dogs is distinct from that of the previously reported dorsal dermoid sinus, as they were located rostral to the optic recess. In humans, NDSC is diagnosed on the basis of surgical findings of a midline sinus tract or cyst filled with hair, keratinous debris, and sebum together with typical histopathologic findings of a dermoid cyst 12,20,21 . It was apparent that there are many features of the human condition that are similar to the cases reported here, and they were diagnosed as nasal dermoid sinus cysts.…”

“…The incidence of congenital midline nasal masses in humans has been reported as 1 in 20,000 to 40,000 live births, of which gliomas, encephalocoeles, and NDSC are the most frequent 20,25 . In 2 major veterinary reports, there were no nasal masses recorded in dogs under 3 years of age 26,27 .…”

“…Recurrence rates for incomplete excision are reported up to 100%, and it is recommended that the NDSC is removed early to prevent permanent distortion of the facial structures in children. It is not known how relevant this is in the case of canine patients 10,20 …”

Intracranial Nasal Dermoid Sinus Cyst Associated with Colloid Cyst of the Third Ventricle

“…Unlike other facial dermoids, the NDSC often extends deep into intracranial structures [20, 21, 24, 25, 26]. This case demonstrates typical NDSC anatomy, with a variably fistulous pathway that extends from the midline cutaneous nasal dermis, through the foramen cecum/cribriform plate junction of the frontal and ethmoid bones, to pass within the falcial dura and end at the base of the frontal lobes near the medial telencephalic portion of the third ventricle [2, 18, 21, 26, 33]. Clinically, nasal dermoids, encephaloceles and gliomas have been associated with meningitis and CSF leakage [12].…”