Nasal Structures in Old and New World Primates

Maier, Wolfgang

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-3764-5_11

Cited by 92 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Among modern marmosets and tamarins, only the relatively primitive Callimico [17,18] retains a differentiated hypocone cusp, on M1, roughly comparable to that of Szalatavus in size. Most workers now agree that hypocone reduction is a derived condition in New World monkeys [18][19][20]. But the presence of an early fossil platyr rhine with reduced hypocones might be read as evidence that tricuspid molars are primi tive instead, as some have advocated [21], We consider this unlikely.…”

Section: Description and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Szalatavus attricuspis, an Early Platyrrhine Primate

Rosenberger¹,

Hartwig²,

Wolff³

1991

IJFP

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Section: Description and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Szalatavus attricuspis, an Early Platyrrhine Primate

Rosenberger¹,

Hartwig²,

Wolff³

1991

IJFP

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“…were then modeled in three dimensions, using a wax-plate method introduced by Born [1883] and later modified by Maier [1980]. Styrofoam plates of 2 mm thickness were used to obtain a magnification of 70 times.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rhinarial cartilages are derivatives of the primordial cranium, which do not ossify for special functional reasons. Therefore these structures should be further differentiated postnatally [Maier, 1980]. Among eutherians, the rhinarial cartilages support a protruding rhinarium which is usually equipped with a specialized skin with glands, and numerous mechanoreceptors [Halata, 1975].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology of the External Nose in <i>Hipposideros diadema</i> and <i>Lavia frons</i> with Comments on Its Diversity and Evolution among Leaf-Nosed Microchiroptera

Göbbel¹

2001

Cells Tissues Organs

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In some bats, a noseleaf is thought to help focus echolocation calls emitted through the nostrils. I studied the ontogenetic mode of the rhinarial cartilages and the associated facial muscles to assess how these rhinarial infrastructures interact with the noseleaf, and the inferred function of such a rhinarial complex. This study focuses on developmental stages of Hipposideros diadema and Lavia frons. Based on new data on these two rhinolophoids and a review of former studies concerning rhinopomatids, rhinolophoids and phyllostomids, the functional and phylogenetic implications of the rhinarial complex among leaf-nosed Microchiroptera are evaluated by the current study. Nasal emitting forms evolved several times independently in the Microchiroptera and share various features, irrespective of their phylogenetic position: the nostrils lie dorsally; the noseleaf has a well-developed horseshoe-shaped plate; the cartilago cupularis bears a large processus cupularis; M(iv) is extended on the lateral plate of the processus alaris superior. The unique similarities of the ontogenetic process of the nasal ‘resonators’ support the assumption that the rhinolophids + megadermatids and rhinopomatids may represent a natural group. In some features, the rhinolophids + megadermatids differ significantly from the phyllostomids. The noseleaf has a median flap and anterior-facing pockets. The processus alaris superior is half-tube-shaped or included in the lateral wall of the cupula nasi anterior. The cartilago accessoria and the attendant musculature perform an important function for supporting and moving the noseleaf. Similar emission of the echolocation pulses but alternative constructional designs of the external nose structures suggest that a separate history of rhinolophoids and phyllostomids might account for these differences.

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“…They do not have exceptional glandular de velopment, such as is found in callitrichids [10], nor do they exhibit dramatic displays involving scent distribution of the kind found in Lemur catta [11], Squirrel monkeys do, however, have a prominent urine-washing display, as well as a functional vomeronasal system [ 12], small circumgenital and circuma nal glands and a relatively small (3 mm diam eter) sternal gland [13,14], Previous studies of captive squirrel mon keys have shown that: (1) olfactory discrimi nation among conspecifics is possible at an early age [15,16]; (2) individuals respond dif ferently to the urine of familiar and unfamil iar squirrel monkeys [17], and (3) olfactory investigation of a female's genital region al lows a male to evaluate the female estrous condition [18], Interpretations as to which behaviors ac tually reflect deposition of chemical signals are less certain. There is a consensus that the urine of squirrel monkeys contains important olfactory signals, more significant than either the exudates of weakly developed glands or the feces [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Communication among Costa Rican Squirrel Monkeys: A Field Study

Boinski

1992

IJFP

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Behaviors with a possible role in olfactory communication among troop members were investigated as part of a field study on the reproductive and foraging ecology of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri oerstedi) in Costa Rica. All age classes engaged in the olfaction-related behaviors. Apart from olfactory investigation of female genitals by males during the mating season, no other potential olfaction-related behavior (urine wash, branch investigation, rump, chest, back rub and sneeze) exceeded 1% of mean behavioral samples. Assessment of reproduction condition appears to be the primary function of such olfactory investigation of the female genital region. The primary function of urine washing is suggested to be the general communication of reproductive status, possibly facilitating reproductive synchrony. Sneezing, rump, back and chest rubbing do not appear to deposit substances active in olfactory communication.

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Nasal Structures in Old and New World Primates

Cited by 92 publications

References 26 publications

Szalatavus attricuspis, an Early Platyrrhine Primate

Szalatavus attricuspis, an Early Platyrrhine Primate

Morphology of the External Nose in <i>Hipposideros diadema</i> and <i>Lavia frons</i> with Comments on Its Diversity and Evolution among Leaf-Nosed Microchiroptera

Olfactory Communication among Costa Rican Squirrel Monkeys: A Field Study

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