Nasality Changes With Age in Normal Korean-Speaking Adults

Xu, Jun; Kang, Young-Ae; Park, Soo Kyung; Yoon, Young Hoon; Bai, Shang Jie; Jin, Yong De; Kim, Yong Min; Rha, Ki-Sang

doi:10.21053/ceo.2018.00717

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This could also represent another key-point in the explanation of the different prevalence of COVID infection by gender. Nevertheless, a progressive and relatively linear increase in nasal cavity volume with increasing age coupled with an age-dependent decrease of nasal resistance might represent determinants for a higher prevalence of COVID in the elderly population [29].…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Pathogenesis: Implications For Older Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and the elderly: insights into pathogenesis and clinical decision-making

et al. 2020

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The elderly may represent a specific cluster of high-risk patients for developing COVID-19 with rapidly progressive clinical deterioration. Indeed, in older individuals, immunosenescence and comorbid disorders are more likely to promote viralinduced cytokine storm resulting in life-threatening respiratory failure and multisystemic involvement. Early diagnosis and individualized therapeutic management should be developed for elderly subjects based on personal medical history and polypharmacotherapy. Our review examines the pathogenesis and clinical implications of ageing in COVID-19 patients; finally, we discuss the evidence and controversies in the management in the long-stay residential care homes and aspects of end-of-life care for elderly patients with COVID-19.

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Section: Sars-cov-2 Pathogenesis: Implications For Older Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and the elderly: insights into pathogenesis and clinical decision-making

et al. 2020

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“…Several recent studies identified advanced age as a common potential risk factor associated with the course of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ( 6 – 9 ). More recently, changes of anatomical respiratory structure with aging ( 10 ), immunosenescene ( 11 ), and inflammaging ( 12 ) may represent three major determinants for a higher prevalence and mortality of COVID-19 infection in elderly populations. Further, age-related alterations in metabolism underlay changes in innate and adaptive immunity ( 13 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival Factors and Metabolic Pathogenesis in Elderly Patients (≥65) With COVID-19: A Multi-Center Study

et al. 2021

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Background: Elderly patients infected with COVID-19 are reported to be facing a substantially increased risk of mortality. Clinical characteristics, treatment options, and potential survival factors remain under investigation. This study aimed to fill this gap and provide clinically relevant factors associated with survival of elderly patients with COVID-19.Methods: In this multi-center study, elderly patients (age ≥65 years old) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from 4 Wuhan hospitals were included. The clinical end point was hospital discharge or deceased with last date of follow-up on Jul. 08, 2020. Clinical, demographic, and laboratory data were collected. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to analyze survival and risk factors. A metabolic flux analysis using a large-scale molecular model was applied to investigate the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 with regard to metabolism pathways.Results: A total of 223 elderly patients infected with COVID-19 were included, 91 (40.8%) were discharged and 132 (59.2%) deceased. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) developed in 140 (62.8%) patients, 23 (25.3%) of these patients survived. Multivariate analysis showed that potential risk factors for mortality were elevated D-Dimer (odds ratio: 1.13 [95% CI 1.04 - 1.22], p = 0.005), high immune-related metabolic index (6.42 [95% CI 2.66–15.48], p < 0.001), and increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (1.08 [95% 1.03–1.13], p < 0.001). Elderly patients receiving interferon atmotherapy showed an increased probability of survival (0.29 [95% CI 0.17–0.51], p < 0.001). Based on these factors, an algorithm (AlgSurv) was developed to predict survival for elderly patients. The metabolic flux analysis showed that 12 metabolic pathways including phenylalanine (odds ratio: 28.27 [95% CI 10.56–75.72], p < 0.001), fatty acid (15.61 [95% CI 6.66–36.6], p < 0.001), and pyruvate (12.86 [95% CI 5.85–28.28], p < 0.001) showed a consistently lower flux in the survivors vs. the deceased subgroup. This may reflect a key pathogenic mechanism of COVID-19 infection.Conclusion: Several factors such as interferon atmotherapy and recreased activity of specific metabolic pathways were found to be associated with survival of elderly patients. Based on these findings, a survival algorithm (AlgSurv) was developed to assist the clinical stratification for elderly patients. Dysregulation of the metabolic pathways revealed in this study may aid in the drug and vaccine development against COVID-19.

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“…Advanced age has also been identified as an independent risk factor of COVID-19 5 , 15 , 16 . The underlying mechanisms could include changes of anatomical respiratory structure with aging 17 , immunosenescene 18 , and inflammaging 19 , which would, respectively, facilitate entry of SARS-CoV-2, weaken anti-viral immunity, and promote a cytokine storm, leading to multiple organ damages. Further, age-related alterations in metabolism are known to underlay changes in innate and adaptive immunity 20 , which also contribute to the weakening of immunity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of prognostic model for predicting mortality of COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China

Mei

Wang

Bryant

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection is a global public health issue, that has now affected more than 200 countries worldwide and caused a second wave of pandemic. Severe adult respiratory syndrome-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia is associated with a high risk of mortality. However, prognostic factors predicting poor clinical outcomes of individual patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia remain under intensive investigation. We conducted a retrospective, multicenter study of patients with SARS-CoV-2 who were admitted to four hospitals in Wuhan, China from December 2019 to February 2020. Mortality at the end of the follow up period was the primary outcome. Factors predicting mortality were also assessed and a prognostic model was developed, calibrated and validated. The study included 492 patients with SARS-CoV-2 who were divided into three cohorts: the training cohort (n = 237), the validation cohort 1 (n = 120), and the validation cohort 2 (n = 135). Multivariate analysis showed that five clinical parameters were predictive of mortality at the end of follow up period, including advanced age [odds ratio (OR), 1.1/years increase (p < 0.001)], increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [(NLR) OR, 1.14/increase (p < 0.001)], elevated body temperature on admission [OR, 1.53/°C increase (p = 0.005)], increased aspartate transaminase [OR, 2.47 (p = 0.019)], and decreased total protein [OR, 1.69 (p = 0.018)]. Furthermore, the prognostic model drawn from the training cohort was validated with validation cohorts 1 and 2 with comparable area under curves (AUC) at 0.912, 0.928, and 0.883, respectively. While individual survival probabilities were assessed, the model yielded a Harrell’s C index of 0.758 for the training cohort, 0.762 for the validation cohort 1, and 0.711 for the validation cohort 2, which were comparable among each other. A validated prognostic model was developed to assist in determining the clinical prognosis for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Using this established model, individual patients categorized in the high risk group were associated with an increased risk of mortality, whereas patients predicted to be in the low risk group had a higher probability of survival.

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Nasality Changes With Age in Normal Korean-Speaking Adults

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

COVID-19 and the elderly: insights into pathogenesis and clinical decision-making

COVID-19 and the elderly: insights into pathogenesis and clinical decision-making

Survival Factors and Metabolic Pathogenesis in Elderly Patients (≥65) With COVID-19: A Multi-Center Study

Development and validation of prognostic model for predicting mortality of COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China

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