Natal and breeding dispersal in a reintroduced population of White‐tailed Eagles<i>Haliaeetus albicilla</i>

Whitfield, D. Philip; Douse, Andy; Evans, Richard J.; Grant, Justin; Love, John A.; McLeod, David; Reid, Robin; Wilson, Jeremy D.

doi:10.1080/00063650902792023

Cited by 39 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The latter adds complexity to strategic management targeting long-term population persistence, especially because non-breeding animals are difficult to study due to their cryptic behaviour, differential habitat selection, spatial separation from breeders, or potential long-distance dispersal (e.g. Zack and Stutchbury, 1992;Rohner, 1997;Whitfield et al, 2009a;Penteriani et al, 2011). As a result, there is little knowledge on the differences in habitat choices between the breeders and floaters of a population, and conservation planning is often biased to protect the habitats preferred by the breeding sector of predator populations (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat selection by Black kite breeders and floaters: Implications for conservation management of raptor floaters

Tanferna

López‐Jiménez

Blas

et al. 2013

Biological Conservation

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a b s t r a c tPreserving large predators is important but challenging because these species are typically wide-ranging, select multiple habitats at different scales and often present spatial or habitat separation between the breeder and floater sectors of a population. In addition, most of our knowledge on raptor floaters' habitat requirements comes from large solitary species, whose floaters often occupy temporary settlement areas spatially separate from breeding locations. Here, we examine space and habitat use by a loosely colonial, wetland-dependent raptor, the Black kite ( Milvus migrans ), in a population where floaters co-exist with territory holders, enabling a direct comparison of their habitat preferences. The study was conducted in Doñana National Park (South-Western Spain), a seasonally drying marshland currently surrounded by intensive agriculture and rice-fields. Intensive radio-tracking revealed that breeders and floaters selected and avoided the same habitats despite a radical, four-to-eight fold difference in their homerange dimensions: all kites over-selected open habitats suitable for their aerial foraging modes and avoided woodland and farmland. These results suggest a continuum of raptor population structures ranging from solitary species whose floaters select different habitats than breeders and are concentrated in spatially separate settlement areas, to colonial and semi-social species whose floaters fully coexist with breeders with shared habitat preferences. Both extremes of this continuum will pose challenges for conservation management. In solitary species, special conservation efforts may be required to identify and manage temporary settlement areas, while in gregarious species, the larger ranges of floaters may expose them to different threats than breeders, whose occurrence and consequences may be subtle to identify..

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat selection by Black kite breeders and floaters: Implications for conservation management of raptor floaters

Tanferna

López‐Jiménez

Blas

et al. 2013

Biological Conservation

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“…Philopatry was found in several species with high migration capability, such as many birds and mammals (Greenwood & Harvey 1982, Pusey 1987, Alcaide et al 2009, Whitfield et al 2009a. Average NDD can differ between sexes and if so, it is usually male-biased in mammals and female-biased in birds (Greenwood & Harvey 1982, Pusey 1987.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic structure confirms female-biased natal dispersal in the White-tailed Eagle population of the Carpathian Basin

Nemesházi¹,

Szabó²,

Horváth³

et al. 2018

Acta Zool Acad Sci H

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Individuals can avoid inbreeding or competition with kin via long-distance natal dispersal. On the other hand, staying close to the well-known natal area may be a safer choice with respect to recruiting opportunities, reproductive success and the individual's survival probability as well. Natal dispersal strategy often differs between sexes, being generally female-biased in birds. We explored if the Carpathian Basin White-tailed Eagle population shows fine scale genetic structure and if it does, what is the extent of philopatry in the two sexes. We furthermore investigated sex bias in natal dispersal distance inferred from spatial distributions of genetically close relative breeding females and males. Spatial autocorrelation analyses failed to find fine-scale genetic structure, despite the species being known to be philopatric. Pairwise breeding distances of close relatives showed female bias according to Wilcoxon rank sum test. The median distance of two close relative females was 136 km, while it was only 38 km in males. Since White-tailed Eagles are known to be faithful to their breeding territory, we assumed that the breeding distance between an individual and its parents refers to the individual's natal dispersal distance. Due to the same reason, the breeding distance of two siblings should also be related to their individual dispersal distances from their shared natal area. Therefore, we argue that the difference we found between sexes in pairwise breeding distances of close relatives stands for a female-biased natal dispersal. This bias may be a consequence of the species' breeding strategy, and it decreases the inbreeding probability as well.

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“…However, as Harpy Eagles live in habitats that are largely homogeneous and undisturbed, there may be little need to cover very large distances to find a breeding site, contrary to other species in temperate heterogeneous habitats (e.g. Urios et al 2007, Cadahía et al 2009, Whitfield et al 2009), which would reduce the overall time spent dispersing. Future tracking studies of individuals should focus on these aspects, because this floating period of large raptors is of great importance from a conservation point of view (Penteriani et al 2006, 2011, Soutullo et al 2008a).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In large bird species with delayed maturity and relatively large home-ranges and breeding territories, this process may take several years until a breeding territory is occupied (e.g. Urios et al 2007, Cadahía et al 2009, Whitfield et al 2009). Given the extent of the adult home-ranges in the Harpy Eagle, ranging between 14 and 79 km 2 (Á lvarez-Cordero 1996, Vargas & Vargas 2011), and considering the movements reported here, it is clear that none of the tracked juveniles left the parental territory during the study period.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In large, long-lived raptors with delayed maturity, the period between fledging and recruitment to the breeding population may take several years and is usually poorly understood (Whitfield et al 2009). Juvenile dispersal represents the movements undertaken by juveniles, once they become independent from their parents, to find a breeding site (Clobert et al 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Movements of Harpy EaglesHarpia harpyjaduring their first two years after hatching

et al. 2012

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Natal and breeding dispersal in a reintroduced population of White‐tailed EaglesHaliaeetus albicilla

Cited by 39 publications

References 63 publications

Habitat selection by Black kite breeders and floaters: Implications for conservation management of raptor floaters

Habitat selection by Black kite breeders and floaters: Implications for conservation management of raptor floaters

Genetic structure confirms female-biased natal dispersal in the White-tailed Eagle population of the Carpathian Basin

Movements of Harpy EaglesHarpia harpyjaduring their first two years after hatching

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