National Antibiotic Consumption for Human Use in Sierra Leone (2017–2019): A Cross-Sectional Study

Kanu, Joseph Sam; Khogali, Mohammed; Hann, Katrina; Tao, Wenjing; Barlatt, Shuwary Hughric Adekule; Komeh, James P.; Johnson, Joy L.; Sesay, Mohamed Lamin; Vandi, Mohamed; Tweya, Hannock; Timire, Collins; Abiri, Onome T.; Thomas, Fawzi; Sankoh-Hughes, Ahmed; Molleh, Bailah; Maruta, Anna; Harries, Anthony

doi:10.3390/tropicalmed6020077

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Additionally, our study was more comprehensive, involving all health centers within the ERHA. Supporting our findings were studies from Europe, Africa and Asia, where penicillin and cephalosporin were found to be the highest consumed antibiotics [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Antimicrobial Consumption from 2017 to 2021 in East Trinidad and Tobago: A Study in the English-Speaking Caribbean

Nagassar¹,

Jalim

Mitchell³

et al. 2023

Antibiotics

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An antimicrobial consumption (AMC) study was performed in Trinidad and Tobago at the Eastern Regional Health Authority (ERHA). A retrospective, cross-sectional survey was conducted from 1 November 2021 to 30 March 2022. Dosage and package types of amoxicillin, azithromycin, co-amoxiclav, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, nitrofurantoin and co-trimoxazole were investigated. Consumption was measured using the World Health Organization’s Antimicrobial Resistance and Consumption Surveillance System methodology version 1.0, as defined daily doses (DDD) per 1000 population per day (DID). They were also analyzed using the ‘Access’, ‘Watch’ and ‘Reserve’ classifications. In the ERHA, AMC ranged from 6.9 DID to 4.6 DID. With regards to intravenous formulations, the ‘Watch’ group displayed increased consumption, from 0.160 DID in 2017 to 0.238 DID in 2019, followed by a subsequent drop in consumption with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Oral co-amoxiclav, oral cefuroxime, oral azithromycin and oral co-trimoxazole were the most highly consumed antibiotics. The hospital started off as the higher consumer of antibiotics, but this changed to the community. The consumption of ‘Watch’ group antibiotics increased from 2017 to 2021, with a drop in consumption of ‘Access’ antibiotics and at the onset of COVID-19. Consumption of oral azithromycin was higher in 2021 than 2020.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Antimicrobial Consumption from 2017 to 2021 in East Trinidad and Tobago: A Study in the English-Speaking Caribbean

Nagassar¹,

Jalim

Mitchell³

et al. 2023

Antibiotics

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“…A study comparing antibiotic utilization among European Countries revealed an increase in antibiotic consumption by 36% from 2000 to 2010 [4]. In Sierra Leone, the total consumption of antimicrobials for the years 2017-2019 was 19 DDIs which is much lower than the rates found in our study [35].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

National Antibiotics Utilization Trends for Human Use in Tanzania from 2010 to 2016 Inferred from Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority Importation Data

Sangeda¹,

Saburi²,

Faustine³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Antimicrobial use (AMU) is one of the major drivers of emerging antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Surveillance of AMU, a pillar of AMR stewardship (AMS), helps devise strategies to mitigate AMR. This descriptive, longitudinal retrospective study quantified the trends in human antibiotic utilization between 2010 and 2016 using data on all antibiotics imported for systemic human use into Tanzania's mainland. Regression and time series analyses were used to establish trends in antibiotics use. A total of 12,073 records for antibiotics were retrieved, totaling 154.51Daily Defined Doses per 1,000 inhabitants per day (DID) with a mean (± standard deviation) of 22.07 (±48.85) DID. The private sector contributed 93.76%% of utilized antibiotics. The top-ranking antibiotics were amoxicillin, metronidazole, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and cefalexin. The DDIs and percentage contribution of these antibiotics were 53.78 (34.81%), 23.86 (15.44), 20.53 (13.29), 9.27 (6.0) and 6.94 (4.49), respectively. The time series model predicted significant increase in utilization(p-value =0.002). The model forecasted that by 2022, the total antibiotics consumed would reach 89.6 DIDs, corresponding to a 13-fold increase compared to 2010. Government intervention to curb inappropriate antibiotic utilization to mitigate the rising threat of antibiotic resistance should focus on implementing AMS programs in pharmacies and hospitals in Tanzania.

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“…A study comparing antibiotics utilization among European countries revealed an increase in antibiotic consumption by 36% from 2000 to 2010 [4]. In Sierra Leone, the total consumption of antimicrobials for the years 2017-2019 was 19 DIDs, which was much lower than the rates found in our study [35]. The current increase may correspond to the scaling of health insurance in the country, which has increased clients' ability to access and purchase medicines [12,36].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

National Antibiotics Utilization Trends for Human Use in Tanzania from 2010 to 2016 Inferred from Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority Importation Data

Sangeda

Saburi

Masatu³

et al. 2021

Antibiotics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Antimicrobial use (AMU) is one of the major drivers of emerging antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The surveillance of AMU, which is a pillar of AMR stewardship (AMS), helps devise strategies to mitigate AMR. This descriptive, longitudinal retrospective study quantified the trends in human antibiotics utilization between 2010 and 2016 using data on all antibiotics imported for systemic human use into Tanzania’s mainland. Regression and time series analyses were used to establish trends in antibiotics use. A total of 12,073 records for antibiotics were retrieved, totaling 154.51 Defined Daily Doses per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID), with a mean (±standard deviation) of 22.07 (±48.85) DID. The private sector contributed 93.76% of utilized antibiotics. The top-ranking antibiotics were amoxicillin, metronidazole, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and cefalexin. The DIDs and percentage contribution of these antibiotics were 53.78 (34.81%), 23.86 (15.44), 20.53 (13.29), 9.27 (6.0) and 6.94 (4.49), respectively. The time series model predicted a significant increase in utilization (p-value = 0.002). The model forecasted that by 2022, the total antibiotics consumed would be 89.6 DIDs, which is a 13-fold increase compared to 2010. Government intervention to curb inappropriate antibiotics utilization and mitigate the rising threat of antibiotic resistance should focus on implementing AMS programs in pharmacies and hospitals in Tanzania.

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National Antibiotic Consumption for Human Use in Sierra Leone (2017–2019): A Cross-Sectional Study

Cited by 18 publications

References 17 publications

Antimicrobial Consumption from 2017 to 2021 in East Trinidad and Tobago: A Study in the English-Speaking Caribbean

Antimicrobial Consumption from 2017 to 2021 in East Trinidad and Tobago: A Study in the English-Speaking Caribbean

National Antibiotics Utilization Trends for Human Use in Tanzania from 2010 to 2016 Inferred from Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority Importation Data

National Antibiotics Utilization Trends for Human Use in Tanzania from 2010 to 2016 Inferred from Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority Importation Data

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