National income inequality and self-rated health: the differing impact of individual social trust across 89 countries

Rözer, Jesper; Kraaykamp, Gerbert; Huijts, Tim

doi:10.1080/14616696.2016.1153697

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…At the same time, our analysis has demonstrated that social class contributes to a substantial extent to overall earnings inequality. This implies, likewise, that income disparities between social classes are an important underlying mechanism that can explain associations between income inequality and various social and political outcomes found in other studies, for example with respect to health (Rözer et al, 2016) or political participation (e.g. Schäfer & Schwander, 2019;Stolle & Hooghe, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…How much do earnings differentials between classes vary across a larger set of countries and how is that related to overall earnings inequality? This is particularly important in light of the extensive research across the social sciences over the last decade focusing on crossnational differences in income inequality and the consequences for outcomes including health, wellbeing, social trust, solidarity, and political outcomes (Huijsmans et al, 2020;Neckerman & Torche, 2007;Paskov & Dewilde, 2012;Rözer et al, 2016;Wilkinson & Pickett, 2010). Moreover, higher overall income inequality has been linked in some studies with stronger class inequalities in outcomes (Grasso et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occupational Social Class and Earnings Inequality in Europe: A Comparative Assessment

et al. 2021

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While there is renewed interest in earnings differentials between social classes, the contribution of social class to overall earnings inequality across countries and net of compositional effects remains largely uncharted territory. This paper uses data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions to assess earnings differentials between social classes (as measured by ESeC) and the role of between-class inequality in overall earnings inequality across 30 European countries. We find that there is substantial variation in earnings differences between social classes across countries. Countries with higher levels of between-class inequality tend to display higher levels of overall earnings inequality, but this relationship is far from perfect. Even with highly aggregated class measures, between-class inequality accounts for a non-negligible share of total earnings inequality (between 15 and 25% in most countries). Controlling for observed between-class differences in composition shows that these account for much of the observed between-class earnings inequality, while in most countries between-class differences in returns to observed compositional variables do not play a major role. In all these respects we find considerable variation across countries, implying that both the size of between-class differences in earnings and the primary mechanisms that produce these class differences vary substantially between European countries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Social Class and Earnings Inequality in Europe: A Comparative Assessment

et al. 2021

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“…The association between inequality and human health and well-being has been found to be associated with levels of trust. People are more trusting in more egalitarian environments, and this improves well-being (Rozer et al 2016).…”

Section: Environmental Degradation and Inequalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Voiceless Animal Cruelty Index and its relationship to per capita purchasing power parity and inequality

Morris¹

2021

Kōtuitui: New Zealand Journal of Social Sciences Online

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The Voiceless Animal Cruelty Index (VACI) calculates three indices for deliberate or willfully ignorant animal mistreatment in 50 countries with high agricultural output. These are animal slaughter (Producing Cruelty), animal consumption (Enabling Cruelty), and laws protecting farmed animals (Sanctioning Cruelty). The rankings of Producing, Enabling and Sanctioning Cruelty are combined to form the final VACI rank. Weighted values for animals slaughtered and numbers of animals consumed, and the overall VACI rank showed a Kuznets effect with per capita Purchasing Power Parity (PPP). The inflection point was between $26 and $42K. Sanctioning Cruelty declined significantly in a linear fashion as PPP increased but did not show a Kuznets effect. Weighted numbers of animals consumed and overall VACI rank both increased with increasing income inequality (as measured by the Gini coefficient), for the 16 countries with the highest per capita PPP. This confirms other studies showing societal improvements in developed countries with higher equality. This is the first instance where slaughter or consumption of animals has shown an animal welfare Kuznets curve with an inflection point within the normal PPP range, where time series data was not used.

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“…There are also references to the influence of norms and attitudes on healthy behaviors and psychosocial networks that increases access to medical attention and mechanisms that improve self-esteem [24][25][26]. Social capital is also associated with community participation and mental health [27][28][29], physical and psychological health [30], and number of years lived [14,31,32].…”

Section: Social Capital and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerability in health and social capital: a qualitative analysis by levels of marginalization in Mexico

Martínez

Rodríguez-Brito

2020

Int J Equity Health

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Background: Social capital is employed as an asset when there is a lack of an efficient health-care system. However, this relationship is not homogeneous and can differ according to the characteristics of individuals and their context. In this paper, we aim to analyze the role of social capital in the solution of healthcare problems among individuals with different levels of marginalization and unequal access to health services. Methods: This qualitative study examines the role of social capital in the demand for healthcare among Mexican individuals with different levels of marginalization. The research draws data from semi-structured interviews (N = 247) that were collected in four Mexican states with different social welfare benefits: Mexico City, Tamaulipas, the State of Mexico, and Oaxaca. The interviewees were selected using the snowball method and other eligibility criteria such as education, age, and gender. Results: Findings suggest that social capital is a relevant factor in solving healthcare problems, depending on the level of marginalization. The role of social capital can be explained by the precariousness of medical service delivery, the poor health infrastructure, and the difficult access to health care in Mexico. Networks are the main resource to deal with health related issues, food, medicine, and out-of-the-pocket medical expenses in contexts of high levels of marginalization. In the middle level of marginalization, networks also help in raising funds for morespecialized medical services and higher quality hospitals. In the least-marginalized levels, social capital is used as companionship for sick individuals, while support networks act as emotional relief. At this level, most individuals have private health insurance, and many of them have major medical healthcare coverage. Conclusions: Participants reported low levels of trust in the health care system because of the poor infrastructure and quality of medical service delivery. Although the main criticism is focused on public healthcare institutions, there is a lack of trust in private medical services as well. These facts are related to the access and quality of medical service delivery and turn social capital into a significant asset. Despite that social bonds or links are valuable resources that individuals can use to solve healthcare related issues, the use of social capital is not homogenous. Indeed, it can be influenced by several factors that were represented in this study through the municipal marginalization index.

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National income inequality and self-rated health: the differing impact of individual social trust across 89 countries

Cited by 16 publications

References 43 publications

Occupational Social Class and Earnings Inequality in Europe: A Comparative Assessment

Occupational Social Class and Earnings Inequality in Europe: A Comparative Assessment

The Voiceless Animal Cruelty Index and its relationship to per capita purchasing power parity and inequality

Vulnerability in health and social capital: a qualitative analysis by levels of marginalization in Mexico

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