National population size estimation of illicit drug users through the network scale-up method in 2013 in Iran

Nikfarjam, Ali; Shokoohi, Mostafa; Shahesmaeili, Armita; Haghdoost, Ali Akbar; Baneshi, Mohammad Reza; Haji‐Maghsoudi, Saiedeh; Rastegari, Azam; Nasehi, Abbas Ali; Memaryan, Nadereh; Tarjoman, Termeh

doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.01.013

Cited by 88 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Addiction among the youth has experienced an increasing trend. According to the Census 2005, 61.22 percent of addicts were between 20 and 29 years old (5). Alarmingly in the last two decades, the age of addicts and drug users has dropped below the age of 20 and in some cases even to 8 years old (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship Between Hardiness and Addiction Potential in Medical Students

Soleimani

Sharif

Yaghoobzadeh

et al. 2016

Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci

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Background: Hardiness as one of the personality traits is an important factor in predisposing risky behaviors including addiction. Objectives: This research examines the relationship between hardiness and addiction potential and identifies socio-economic determinants of hardiness and tendency to addiction among medical students in Iran. Materials and Methods: In this study, 577 medical students selected based on the convenience sampling method were examined. They were selected from five faculties of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected on hardiness scale, addiction potential scale and demographic variables. Data analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics powered by SPSS (v. 22). Results: Research results showed that there was a negative relationship between hardiness and addiction potential (r = -227, P < 0.001). Males had a higher level of hardiness (P < 0.05) and lower addiction potential than females (P < 0.01). Respondents who had an addicted person in their family showed a lower addiction potential than those who did not have an addicted family member (P < 0.01). Being in a family with cold relationships was associated with higher levels of hardiness; they showed less addiction potential compared to persons who enjoyed a warm family with friendly relationships (P < 0.01), but lower levels of hardiness. Conclusions: Hardiness had a significant negative relationship with tendency to addiction. Regarding demographic factors that were found to be the predictors of hardiness and addiction potential, a consistent pattern was observed in which those who had high tendency for addition were low in hardiness. This is not surprising since hardiness is a shield that provides a defense mechanism for coping behavior when a person is faced with negative life events or adverse life conditions. Based on the results, individuals high in hardiness are perhaps less likely to resort to drugs. However, further researches are recommended on this subject.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Statistics of Iran drug control headquarters show that in 2012, 2.65 percent of people in the 15 -64 year old age group use drugs. It also estimated the approximate number of addicts to be 1.325 million in Iran (4,5). Addiction among the youth has experienced an increasing trend.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Hardiness and Addiction Potential in Medical Students

Soleimani

Sharif

Yaghoobzadeh

et al. 2016

Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci

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“…Another national study in 2013 used a network scale-up method in order to estimate the number of substance users (11). This study suggested that 440 000 (0.59%) people had used methamphetamine and 224 000 (0.3%) had used other types of synthetic drugs (amphetamine, ecstasy and LSD) at least once during the previous year.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Ats Use In the General Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of amphetamine-type stimulants in the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2004-2015: a review

Shadloo

Amin-Esmaeili

Haft-Baradaran

et al. 2017

East Mediterr Health J

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Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) are the second most commonly used illicit drugs in the world, after cannabis. The production of ATS has increased worldwide, including in the Middle East. This review aims to assess ATS use in the Islamic Republic of Iran. PubMed, Scientific Information Database (a national database) and Iranian Center for Addiction Studies were searched. The review included studies on the general population, university and high school students, other specific populations, and drug users. The result show that self-reported methamphetamine and ecstasy use in 2016 was < 1% in the general population and university and high-school students, but the prevalence was higher in certain groups. There has also been an increase in the proportion of ATS users among clients of drug treatment centres. The findings highlight the need for high quality epidemiological studies and closer monitoring of stimulant use in different populations. ‫استعراض‬

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“…However, in recent years, the illegal use of methamphetamine (MA) has become a new health problem (1). A recent study of 7535 people in 31 provinces indicated that after opioids, MA and hashish were the most frequently used illicit drugs (2). Among people who use opioids in Iran, MA use grew in popularity, from an estimated six percent in 2008 to 44% in 2012 (1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methamphetamine Use Disorder Untreated among Women in Methadone Treatment in Iran

Alammehrjerdi

Ezard

Clare

et al. 2016

Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci

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Background: Methamphetamine (MA) use disorder is a new health problem among female methadone patients in Iran. Some characteristics of women are likely to be associated with poor methadone treatment outcomes. However, there are few studies about the characteristics of this group. Objectives: The current study is the first research that aimed to investigate the demographic, drug use and treatment characteristics of a group of regular MA-using women in methadone treatment. Methods: Methadone-maintained women who reported at least weekly MA use were recruited from four methadone treatment centres in Tehran. Participants' drug use, severity of MA dependence, psychiatric distress, social functioning, criminality and high risk sexual behaviours were measured among the participants. Urinalysis was done to confirm MA use. Results: Between 28 July 2014 and 15 May 2015, 120 participants completed an interview. Mean duration of MA use was 5.4 (SD 2.1) years. Only 9.2% of the participants reported prior MA treatment. Psychiatric distress was high among all participants. Overall, 61 participants (50.8%) reported long duration of MA use (i.e. five years or more) while 59 participants (49.2%) reported less than five years of MA use. Severity of MA dependence (P = 0.38), psychiatric distress (P = 0.36), social functioning (P = 0.12) and criminality (P = 0.82) were not significantly associated with duration of MA use. However, participants who reported long duration of MA use were more likely to be engaged in high risk sexual behaviours (P = 0.01) compared with those reporting short duration of MA use. Conclusions:The study results indicated that participants had multiple health problems. High risk sexual behaviours were considerable among participants with long duration of MA use despite being in methadone treatment. Participants had little or no previous treatment for MA use disorder. Treatment services should be expanded to address MA use disorder and its harms among this group.

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National population size estimation of illicit drug users through the network scale-up method in 2013 in Iran

Cited by 88 publications

References 19 publications

Relationship Between Hardiness and Addiction Potential in Medical Students

Relationship Between Hardiness and Addiction Potential in Medical Students

Use of amphetamine-type stimulants in the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2004-2015: a review

Methamphetamine Use Disorder Untreated among Women in Methadone Treatment in Iran

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