National Surveillance Data on the Epidemiology of Cholera in Kenya, 1997–2010

Mutonga, David; Langat, Daniel; Mwangi, David; Tonui, J.; Njeru, Mercy; Abade, Ahmed; Irura, Zephania; Njeru, Ian; Dahlke, Melissa

doi:10.1093/infdis/jit201

Cited by 37 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In general, the country has endured cross-border outbreaks coming from Nigeria The quality of cholera case management significantly depends on CFR, an important indicator that demonstrates the success or not of various strategies developed against a given cholera outbreak (14). Considering the years under review, the cholera CFR in Niger remains far higher than the 1% considered by the WHO as a standard upper limit (15,16), and CFRs also varied considerably from outbreak to outbreak. An underestimation of the actual rate of deaths during outbreaks could be strongly hypothesized to be due to the timid reporting of cases and or deaths to the DSRE then the ministry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Cholera in Niger Republic: An Analysis of National Surveillance Data, 1991 - 2015

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Cholera is an infectious disease caused by a gram negative bacteria, Vibrio cholerae. It was found for the first time in Niger during year 1970 and continues to occur as an issue of major public health importance. Objectives:This study aimed at more accurately defining the burden of cholera in Niger. Methods: Cholera surveillance data from the direction of epidemy surveillance and response reported to the Niger ministry of public health and the world health organization were reviewed and analyzed to determine trends in cholera disease.Results: Of Niger's 8 regions or states, 7 were very active in reporting cases each year between 1991 and 2015. Globally, cholera cases and deaths were 26,835 and 1,430, respectively (CFR = 5.3%). Conclusions:Taken together, the epidemiological trends of cholera in Niger showed annual increase in frequency and length of outbreaks during the 21 years under review. To successfully reduce the burden of cholera outbreaks in Niger, concerted efforts by the government and non-government organizations as development partners through longterm investments are urgently needed to strengthen preventive measures for early detection and confirmation of cases, followed by a well-coordinated, timely, and effective response.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Cholera in Niger Republic: An Analysis of National Surveillance Data, 1991 - 2015

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Stoltzfus et al [ 27 ] while looking at the interaction between climatic, environmental, and demographic factors on cholera outbreaks in Kenya found that flooding was associated with an increased risk of cholera. In an article describing the trend of cholera outbreak in Kenya, Mutonga et al [ 28 ] report that the largest outbreak occurred during the 1997 El Niño rains that caused massive flooding, with 17, 200 cases (annual incidence, 60.7 cases per 100,000 population) and an estimated 555 deaths (CFR, 3.2%). This trend continued throughout 1998.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Flooding and Out Break of Infectious Diseasesin Kenya: A Review of the Literature

Okaka

Odhiambo

2018

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Flooding can potentially increase the spread of infectious diseases. To enhance good understanding of the health consequences of flooding and facilitate planning for mitigation strategies, deeper consideration of the relationship between flooding and out-break of infectious diseases is required. This paper examines the relationship between occurrence of floods in Kenya and outbreak of infectious diseases and possible interventions. This review intended to build up the quality and comprehensiveness of evidence on infectious diseases arising after flooding incidence in Kenya. An extensive literature review was conducted in 2017, and published literature from 2000 to 2017 was retrieved. This review suggests that infectious disease outbreaks such as waterborne, rodent-borne, and vector-borne diseases have been associated with flooding in Kenya. But there is need for more good quality epidemiological data to cement the evidence. Comprehensive surveillance and risk assessment, early warning systems, emergency planning, and well-coordinated collaborations are essential in reducing future vulnerability to infectious diseases following flooding.

show abstract

“…This was in agreement with previous reports in the country. 4,17,32 Serotype Ogawa re-emerged in 2010 and replaced serotype Inaba in the 2015-2017 cholera outbreaks. The serotype switching from O1 Ogawa to Inaba and vice versa is common in many cholera-endemic areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Between 1997 to 2010, a total of 68,522 clinically suspected cases of cholera and 2,641 deaths were reported (CFR = 3.9%). 4 In 2005, a total of 990 cases and 25 deaths (CFR = 2.5%) were reported in five distinct outbreaks, including 186 laboratory-confirmed cases. 5 Between January 2015 to January 2016, a total of 11,033 cases were reported with 178 deaths (CFR = 1.6%) in 22 of 47 counties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates responsible for cholera outbreaks in Kenya between 1975 and 2017

Bundi

Shah

ODOYO

et al. 2019

Microbiology and Immunology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Kenya is endemic for cholera with different waves of outbreaks having been documented since 1971. In recent years, new variants of Vibrio cholerae O1 have emerged and have replaced most of the traditional El Tor biotype globally.These strains also appear to have increased virulence, and it is important to describe and document their phenotypic and genotypic traits. This study characterized 146 V. cholerae O1 isolates from cholera outbreaks that occurred in Kenya between 1975 and 2017. Our study reports that the 1975-1984 strains had typical classical or El Tor biotype characters. New variants of V. cholerae O1 having traits of both classical and El Tor biotypes were observed from 2007 with all strains isolated between 2015 and 2017 being sensitive to polymyxin B and carrying both classical and El Tor type ctxB. All strains were resistant to Phage IV and harbored rstR, rtxC, hlyA, rtxA and tcpA genes specific for El Tor biotype indicating that the strains had an El Tor backbone. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) genotyping differentiated the isolates into 14 pulsotypes. The clustering also corresponded with the year of isolation signifying that the cholera outbreaks occurred as separate waves of different genetic fingerprints exhibiting different genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. The emergence and prevalence of V. cholerae O1 strains carrying El Tor type and classical type ctxB in Kenya are reported. These strains have replaced the typical El Tor biotype in Kenya and are potentially more virulent and easily transmitted within the population. K E Y W O R D Sbiotyping, cholera outbreaks, pulsed field gel electrophoresis, Vibrio cholerae O1

show abstract

National Surveillance Data on the Epidemiology of Cholera in Kenya, 1997–2010

Abstract: Kenya has experienced substantial amounts of reported cases of cholera during the past 14 years. Recent decreases in cholera case counts may reflect cholera control measures put in place by the National Ministry of Health; confirmation of this theory will require ongoing surveillance.

Cited by 37 publications

References 11 publications

Cholera in Niger Republic: An Analysis of National Surveillance Data, 1991 - 2015

Cholera in Niger Republic: An Analysis of National Surveillance Data, 1991 - 2015

Relationship between Flooding and Out Break of Infectious Diseasesin Kenya: A Review of the Literature

Characterization of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates responsible for cholera outbreaks in Kenya between 1975 and 2017

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About