National trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among adults in Mongolia from 4 cross-sectional surveys in 2005, 2009, 2013, and 2019

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension and associated factors in persons 15 years and older from 2005 to 2019 in Mongolia. National data were analyzed from 21,342 people (≥15 years) who participated in 4 cross-sectional STEPwise Approach to NCD Risk Factor Surveillance surveys in Mongolia (2005, 2009, 2013, or 2019) and had complete blood pressure measurements. The prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension were calculated using sociodemographic factors within each study year. Logistic regression was employed to assess the associations between sociodemographic and health factors and status of hypertension, awareness, treatment, and control by study year and pooled sample. Trend analyzes showed that the prevalence of hypertension decreased significantly from 28.4% in 2005 to 23.2% in 2019 (P < .001). The prevalence of awareness among hypertensives remained unchanged, the treatment among aware decreased, and the control rate increased. In adjusted logistic regression analysis with the pooled sample, male sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.49, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.32–1.68), older age (≥45 years) (AOR: 5.90, 95% CI: 4.90–7.10), obesity (AOR: 4.29, 95% CI: 3.77–4.88), more frequent alcohol use (≥1–2 days/week) (AOR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.39–2.05) were positively, and higher educational level (≥12 years) (AOR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.68–0.87) and urban residence (AOR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.74–0.97) were negatively associated with hypertension prevalence. The prevalence of hypertension among Mongolian adults has decreased in recent years. Levels of hypertension awareness were unchanged, treatment decreased, and control increased. Increased health promotion, detection, and treatment of hypertension in Mongolia are indicated.

Behavioural and biological risk factors of non-communicable diseases among adults in Cabo Verde: a repeated cross-sectional study of the 2007 and 2020 national community-based surveys

“…Similar to previous trend studies in India, 29 Mongolia 30 31 and Iran, 32 low physical activity and/or overweight/obesity increased over time. In our study, the prevalence of hypertension decreased over time, which is similar to Mongolia, 33 while in India, 29 South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo 34 and Mozambique, 35 the prevalence of hypertension increased over time. In comparison to other African countries, the proportion of 3–9 NCD risk factors (42.9% in 2007 and 45.7% in 2020) in this study was higher than in Malawi (3–7 NCD risk factors, 16.5%) 9 and in Zambia (26.7%, 3–10 NCD risk factors).…”