“…gold and plant domesticates like maize, tobacco and manioc) throughout the globe (Crosby, 1972). In the Caribbean, and then the rest of the Americas, the suite of European arrival events caused the rapid spread of diseases that drastically affected indigenous communities (Dobyns, 1976;Koch et al, 2019). Such changes were powerful drivers of landscape transformation, yet the degree and extent of pre-and post-Columbian human impacts and the resulting trends of change in Caribbean ecosystems are unclear.…”