Native and microwaved bean and pea starch preparations: physiological effects on the intestinal ecosystem, caecal tissue and serum lipids in rats

Abstract

Dietary beans and peas provide fibre, resistant starch and other nutrients that are often lacking in the human diet. The influence of native starches of beans and peas (and microwaved preparations) on N utilisation, biochemical indices in blood serum and caecal ecosystem state (SCFA, bacterial enzymes, micro-organisms) was studied in vivo. The native pea starch contained more resistant starch compared with its bean counterpart (31 v. 17 %); however, processing decreased these amounts to 25 v. 10 %. N digestibility was found to decrease considerably in all experimental groups. A considerable reduction was observed in glucose and total cholesterol concentration in rat blood serum as a result of feeding both dietary legume starch preparations under microwave treatment. This indicates that starch of bean origin activated glycolytic bacterial enzymes; however, all the analysed starches were found to reduce the activity of b-glucuronidase. In addition, both dietary bean starches significantly induced the formation of SCFA in the caecal digesta. As compared with the control group, a significant decrease in the pH of caecal and colonic digesta was demonstrated for both bean starch preparations. In comparison with the diet with native pea starch, its microwaved preparation reduced the concentrations of acetic, butyric and propionic acids among caecal SCFA and increased the pH of caecal and colonic digesta. The atherogenic index was significantly lower in rats fed microwaved pea starch. All investigated starch preparations increased the population of Bifidobacterium spp. in caecal digesta, but were also good substrates for opportunistic Enterococcus or Escherichia coli.

The effect of fish and mealworm larvae meals as alternative dietary protein sources on nutrient digestibility and gastrointestinal function in <i>Chinchilla lanigera</i>

“…Greater bulk of intestinal digesta may contribute to increasing the weight of the intestinal wall. Such a physiological effect was observed by krupakozak et al [18] in a study on rats, which revealed that mucosal volume was positively correlated with digesta mass, concluding that physical stretching of the small intestinal epithelium was the most important causal factor. the decrease in the activities of mucosal sucrase, maltase and lactase, observed in the MwM treatment, could be associated with the higher lignin (aDl) content of mealworm larvae meal as and the MwM diet.…”

Effect of subtherapeutic vs. therapeutic administration of macrolides on antimicrobial resistance in Mannheimia haemolytica and enterococci isolated from beef cattle

“…It is possible that the forage rich diet used in our study resulted in intestinal contents having, a pH above 7.0, allowing the concentration of tulathromycin in digesta to exceed the MIC of enterococci. High forage diets in cattle are known to increase colonic pH to ranges between 7.4 and 8.0 (Scott et al, 2000; Loy et al, 2001), but results could be quite different on high grain diets where the pH of digesta is considerably lower.…”

Administration of Inulin-Supplemented Gluten-Free Diet Modified Calcium Absorption and Caecal Microbiota in Rats in a Calcium-Dependent Manner

“…The concentrations of SCFAs in samples of caecal digesta samples were determined by gas chromatography (Shimadzu GC-14A, Kyoto, Japan) according to a previously described method [ 32 ]. Briefly, caecal digesta samples (0.2 g) were mixed with 0.2 mL formic acid, diluted with deionised water and centrifuged at 7211× g for 10 min.…”

“…The activity of selected bacterial enzymes in the caecal digesta was measured based on the rates of p - and o -nitrophenol release from their nitrophenyl glucosides according to a previously described method [ 32 ]. The activity of α- and β-glucosidases, α- and β-galactosidases, and β-glucuronidase was expressed in μmol of the product synthesised per min (unit) per gram of digesta in a fresh caecal sample.…”