Native and Non‐Native English Speaking Teachers in China: Perceptions and PracticesZhengHuang. Shanghai, China: Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press and Singapore: Springer, 2018. Pp. xv + 192.

Abstract

In this paper, we consider the problem of disease diagnosis. Unlike the conventional learning paradigm that treats labels independently, we propose a knowledge-enhanced framework, that enables training visual representation with the guidance of medical domain knowledge. In particular, we make the following contributions: First, to explicitly incorporate experts' knowledge, we propose to learn a neural representation of medical knowledge graph via contrastive learning, implicitly establishing relations between different medical concepts. Second, while training the visual encoder, we keep the parameters of the knowledge encoder frozen and propose to learn a set of prompt vectors for efficient adaptation. Third, we adopt a Transformer-based disease-query module for cross-model fusion, which naturally enables explainable diagnosis results via cross attention. To validate the effectiveness of our proposed framework, we conduct thorough experiments on three x-ray imaging datasets across different anatomy structures, showing our model can exploit the implicit relations between diseases/findings, thus is beneficial to the commonly encountered problem in the medical domain, namely, long-tailed and zero-shot recognition, which conventional methods either struggle or completely fail to realize.

Evaluating the Effects of Heat-Clearing Traditional Chinese Medicine in Stable Bronchiectasis by a Series of N-of-1 Trials

“…There is a certain degree of phlegm and heat in each syndrome type of TCM. For example, for the syndrome of deficiency of both Qi and Yin combined with phlegm and heat syndrome or lung and spleen deficiency with phlegm and heat syndrome [ 5 , 8 ], the severity of intermingled phlegm and heat should be estimated based on clinical experience. In order to make sure that the treatment based on syndrome differentiation of TCM was accurate and effective, two chief physicians were invited to evaluate and conclude the TCM syndrome of each subject.…”

“…Therefore, the basic therapeutic principles include strengthening the body's resistance by replenishing Qi, nourishing Yin, invigorating the spleen, removing phlegm, and clearing heat. Wu and Tang [ 8 ] considered that “phlegm-heat” syndrome is the most common clinical syndrome of bronchiectasis, thus indicating that “phlegm-heat” is the principal contradiction in the treatment of bronchiectasis. It is generally known that patients with bronchiectasis mainly cough up yellow sputum and are prone to hemoptysis.…”

“…Tian Zhengjian pointed out that [ 9 ] heat-clearing drugs should be administered no matter in the acute exacerbation or stable stage of bronchiectasis. However, according to the theory of TCM, such heat-clearing drugs should not be used excessively or in a protracted period, for fear that bitter dryness hurts Yin and coldness spoils the stomach which will then injure the spleen and inhibit the movement of Qi [ 8 ]. While strengthening the body's resistance and removing phlegm are generally regarded as the two therapeutic principles in the stable bronchiectasis, there has been controversy over the role and course of heat-clearing Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in this stage.…”

The Role of Conventional Methods and Artificial Intelligence in the Wastewater Treatment: A Comprehensive Review

“…In encapsulation, cells are immobilized by ionotropic or thermal gelatine, which is applied to porous polymeric materials such as alginate, agar, polyacrylamide, carrageenan, cellulose acetate, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) [74]. Additionally, polymer gels, microcapsules, liposomes, hollow fibers, and ultrafiltration membranes are utilized in the encapsulation process [75]. PVA is the most popular material among the many options available since its physical stability (solubility, biodegradability, and diffusivity) and mechanical stability are unaffected.…”

The complete mitogenome and phylogenetic analysis of Acrossocheilus beijiangensis (osteichthyes: Cyprinidae)

“…Acrossocheilus beijiangensis is a barred cyprinid species from the Pearl River (Zhu-Jiang) of Guizhou, Guangxi and Guangdong provinces in China (Wu et al. 1977 ; Shan et al. 2000 ).…”