Native bacterial communities and <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> survival in soils collected from the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, Canada

Falardeau, Justin; Walji, Khalil; Haure, Maxime; Fong, Karen; Taylor, Gregory A.; Ma, Yussanne; Smukler, Sean; Wang, Siyun

doi:10.1139/cjm-2018-0115

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…FCS: food contact surface; FPE: food processing environment; FSMS: food safety management systems; GHP: good hygiene practice; HACCP: hazard analysis and critical control points; PRP: prerequisite program; SSOP: sanitation standard operating procedure; t/T: time/Temperature. (a): Native L. monocytogenes survives in soils and depends on moisture (Falardeau et al, 2018). (b): Conveyor equipment is known to transfer microbes to the food.…”

Section: Receipt Of Fresh Vegetablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The public health risk posed by Listeria monocytogenes in frozen fruit and vegetables including herbs, blanched during processing

Koutsoumanis¹,

Álvarez‐Ordóñez²,

Bolton³

et al. 2020

EFS2

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A multi-country outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes ST6 linked to blanched frozen vegetables (bfV) took place in the EU (2015-2018). Evidence of food-borne outbreaks shows that L. monocytogenes is the most relevant pathogen associated with bfV. The probability of illness per serving of uncooked bfV, for the elderly (65-74 years old) population, is up to 3,600 times greater than cooked bfV and very likely lower than any of the evaluated ready-to-eat food categories. The main factors affecting contamination and growth of L. monocytogenes in bfV during processing are the hygiene of the raw materials and process water; the hygienic conditions of the food processing environment (FPE); and the time/Temperature (t/T) combinations used for storage and processing (e.g. blanching, cooling). Relevant factors after processing are the intrinsic characteristics of the bfV, the t/T combinations used for thawing and storage and subsequent cooking conditions, unless eaten uncooked. Analysis of the possible control options suggests that application of a complete HACCP plan is either not possible or would not further enhance food safety. Instead, specific prerequisite programmes (PRP) and operational PRP activities should be applied such as cleaning and disinfection of the FPE, water control, t/T control and product information and consumer awareness. The occurrence of low levels of L. monocytogenes at the end of the production process (e.g. < 10 CFU/g) would be compatible with the limit of 100 CFU/g at the moment of consumption if any labelling recommendations are strictly followed (i.e. 24 h at 5°C). Under reasonably foreseeable conditions of use (i.e. 48 h at 12°C), L. monocytogenes levels need to be considerably lower (not detected in 25 g). Routine monitoring programmes for L. monocytogenes should be designed following a risk-based approach and regularly revised based on trend analysis, being FPE monitoring a key activity in the frozen vegetable industry.

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Section: Receipt Of Fresh Vegetablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Raw material coming from the field contains dust, soil (a) and debris that can be contaminated with L. monocytogenes. Raw material can be stored before processing at a t/T combination that may allow L. monocytogenes growth (Falardeau et al, 2018). (b): Conveyor equipment is known to transfer microbes to the food.…”

Section: Hygiene Of the Incoming Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The public health risk posed by Listeria monocytogenes in frozen fruit and vegetables including herbs, blanched during processing

Koutsoumanis¹,

Álvarez‐Ordóñez²,

Bolton³

et al. 2020

EFS2

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…According to the literature, Listeria is characterized by β-hemolysis on blood agar [27][28][29]. Furthermore, cultivation with a saprotrophic marine strain was unfavorable for Listeria (for example, competition for nutrients, etc.)…”

Section: Determination Of Hemolytic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, for L. monocytogenes 870, a decrease in the ability to lyse erythrocytes was noted when co-cultivated in a biofilm with Bacillus sp. According to the literature, is characterized by β-hemolysis on blood agar [27][28][29]. Furthermore, cultivation with a saprotrophic marine strain was unfavorable for Listeria (for example, competition for nutrients, etc.)…”

Section: Determination Of Hemolytic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Horizontal Transfer of Virulence Factors by Pathogenic Enterobacteria to Marine Saprotrophic Bacteria during Co-Cultivation in Biofilm

Eskova

Andryukov

Yakovlev

et al. 2022

BioTech

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Environmental problems associated with marine pollution and climate warming create favorable conditions for the penetration and survival of pathogenic bacteria in marine ecosystems. These microorganisms have interspecific competitive interactions with marine bacteria. Co-culture, as an important research strategy that mimics the natural environment of bacteria, can activate silent genes or clusters through interspecies interactions. The authors used modern biotechnology of co-cultivation to dynamically study intercellular interactions between different taxa of bacteria—pathogenic enterobacteria Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Listeria monocytogenes and saprotrophic marine bacteria Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas japonica isolated in summer from the coastal waters of the recreational areas of the Sea of Japan. The results of the experiments showed that during the formation of polycultural biofilms, horizontal transfer of genes encoding some pathogenicity factors from Y. pseudotuberculosis and L. monocytogenes to marine saprotrophic bacteria with different secretion systems is possible. It was previously thought that this was largely prevented by the type VI secretion system (T6SS) found in marine saprotrophic bacteria. The authors showed for the first time the ability of marine bacteria Bacillus sp. and P. japonica to biofilm formation with pathogenic enterobacteria Y. pseudotuberculosis and L. monocytogenes, saprophytic bacteria with type III secretion system (T3SS). For the first time, a marine saprotrophic strain of Bacillus sp. Revealed manifestations of hyaluronidase, proteolytic and hemolytic activity after cultivation in a polycultural biofilm with listeria. Saprotrophic marine bacteria that have acquired virulence factors from pathogenic enterobacteria, including antibiotic resistance genes, could potentially play a role in altering the biological properties of other members of the marine microbial community. In addition, given the possible interdomain nature of intercellular gene translocation, acquired virulence factors can be transferred to marine unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes. The results obtained contribute to the paradigm of the epidemiological significance and potential danger of anthropogenic pollution of marine ecosystems, which creates serious problems for public health and the development of marine culture as an important area of economic activity in coastal regions.

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“…Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from the soil samples in multiple studies indicating the ubiquity of the pathogen in the natural environment and it was detected as being involved in a series of agricultural and food product-associated outbreaks (Falardeau et al, 2018). Its presence in soils is probably related to its increased resistance harsh temperatures and oxidative stress, increased saline concentrations, acid and desiccation stress (Iwu and Okoh, 2020).…”

Section: Listeria Sppmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fate of Foodborne Pathogens in Manure Treated Soil

et al. 2021

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The aim of this review was to provide an update on the complex relationship between manure application, altered pathogen levels and antibiotic resistance. This is necessary to protect health and improve the sustainability of this major farming practice in agricultural systems based on high levels of manure production. It is important to consider soil health in relation to environment and land management practices in the context of the soil microflora and the introduction of pathogens on the health of the soil microbiome. Viable pathogens in manure spread on agricultural land may be distributed by leaching, surface run-off, water source contamination and contaminated crop removal. Thus it is important to understand how multiple pathogens can persist in manures and on soil at farm-scale and how crops produced under these conditions could be a potential transfer route for zoonotic pathogens. The management of pathogen load within livestock manure is a potential mechanism for the reduction and prevention of outbreaks infection with Escherichia coli, Listeria Salmonella, and Campylobacter. The ability of Campylobacter, E. coli, Listeria and Salmonella to combat environmental stress coupled with their survival on food crops and vegetables post-harvest emphasizes the need for further study of these pathogens along with the emerging pathogen Providencia given its link to disease in the immunocompromised and its’ high levels of antibiotic resistance. The management of pathogen load within livestock manure has been widely recognized as a potential mechanism for the reduction and prevention of outbreaks infection but any studies undertaken should be considered as region specific due to the variable nature of the factors influencing pathogen content and survival in manures and soil. Mediocre soils that require nutrients could be one template for research on manure inputs and their influence on soil health and on pathogen survival on grassland and in food crops.

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Native bacterial communities and Listeria monocytogenes survival in soils collected from the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, Canada

Cited by 14 publications

References 39 publications

The public health risk posed by Listeria monocytogenes in frozen fruit and vegetables including herbs, blanched during processing

The public health risk posed by Listeria monocytogenes in frozen fruit and vegetables including herbs, blanched during processing

Horizontal Transfer of Virulence Factors by Pathogenic Enterobacteria to Marine Saprotrophic Bacteria during Co-Cultivation in Biofilm

The Fate of Foodborne Pathogens in Manure Treated Soil

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