Native fish entrapment in irrigation systems: A step towards understanding the significance of the problem

King, Alison J.; O’Connor, J. P.

doi:10.1111/j.1442-8903.2007.00329.x

Cited by 32 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Entrainment (fish removal via water diversions) has been recognized as a threat to fish throughout the world, including in Australia (King and O'Connor 2007), Europe (Turnpenny et al 1998), and the USA (Gale et al 2008;Grimaldo et al 2009). In California, there are over 3,700 water diversions on the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers and their tributaries and in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and Suisun Marsh.…”

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confidence: 98%

Assessing Juvenile Chinook Salmon Behavior and Entrainment Risk near Unscreened Water Diversions: Large Flume Simulations

et al. 2012

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Juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha from California's Central Valley must pass thousands of unscreened water diversion pipes during their out‐migration to the Pacific Ocean. The number of fish that become entrained into (drawn through) these diversions at different hydraulic and environmental conditions is currently unknown. We tested the ability of juvenile Chinook Salmon to avoid entrainment into a 0.46‐m‐diameter unscreened water diversion pipe while swimming in a large‐river‐simulation flume. Fish swimming experiments were conducted at 0.15, 0.38, and 0.61 m/s sweeping velocities (simulating the river current) with 0.42 and 0.57 m3/s water diversion rates during the day and at 0.15 and 0.61 m/s with a diversion rate of 0.57 m3/s in turbid water and during the night. The number of fish entrained during day experiments ranged from 0.8% (SE, 0.3) to 8.5% (SE, 0.3). The percentage of pipe passage events resulting in fish entrainment nearly doubled at the 0.57 m3/s water diversion rate (1.7%) compared with that at 0.42 m3/s (0.9%). In clear water conditions during the day, more fish became entrained at the higher water diversion rate (0.57 m3/s) and slower sweeping velocity (0.15 m/s), with fish entrainments starting 38.6 cm (SE, 1.6) from the center of the pipe inlet, where fish experienced an increased velocity gradient and a mean resultant velocity of 0.74 m/s. Fish entrainment was strongly influenced by the number of pipe passages per experiment, rather than by swimming orientation or time spent in the flume. More fish were entrained at the faster sweeping velocity (0.61 m/s) in turbid water during the day and at night, indicating that juvenile Chinook Salmon may use nonvisual guidance (e.g., lateral line system) to avoid water diversions in slower currents. These results help to provide a scientific basis for protecting out‐migrating juvenile Chinook Salmon exposed to unscreened water diversions.

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confidence: 98%

Assessing Juvenile Chinook Salmon Behavior and Entrainment Risk near Unscreened Water Diversions: Large Flume Simulations

et al. 2012

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“…Until the lethal and sub-lethal effects of screen contacts are better understood for Murray-Darling Basin species, it is advisable that approach velocities not exceed 0.1 m.sec −1 , to ensure much lower contact rates for juveniles and fish smaller than 150 mm. As larval fish are also vulnerable to entrainment at diversions in large numbers [8], [9], [21], but were not studied here, further research into their survival at fish screens is also warranted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Collectively, several large-scale irrigation schemes and many smaller independent irrigators divert as much as 87% of flows from almost all of the Basin’s Rivers [43]. But abstraction at dams and weirs into canal systems can be substantially more at certain places and times, sometimes exceeding the volume of water released downstream [9], [44], [45].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mechanical injury and death can occur to fish that pass through diversion structures such as pumps and regulators [8], although many individuals do manage to survive diversion and form viable populations in off-river canals and impoundments [8], [9]. However, once diverted from the river there is seldom return passage and fish are lost from natural river populations [8], [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Approach Velocity and Mesh Size on the Entrainment and Contact of a Lowland River Fish Assemblage at a Screened Irrigation Pump

Boys¹,

Robinson

Baumgartner³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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Fish screens can help prevent the entrainment or injury of fish at irrigation diversions, but only when designed appropriately. Design criteria cannot simply be transferred between sites or pump systems and need to be developed using an evidence-based approach with the needs of local species in mind. Laboratory testing is typically used to quantify fish responses at intake screens, but often limits the number of species that can studied and creates artificial conditions not directly applicable to screens in the wild. In this study a field-based approach was used to assess the appropriateness of different screen design attributes for the protection of a lowland river fish assemblage at an experimental irrigation pump. Direct netting of entrained fish was used along with sonar technology to quantify the probability of screen contact for a Murray-Darling Basin (Australia) fish species. Two approach velocities (0.1 and 0.5 m.sec−1) and different sizes of woven mesh (5, 10 and 20 mm) were evaluated. Smaller fish (<150 mm) in the assemblage were significantly more susceptible to entrainment and screen contact, especially at higher approach velocities. Mesh size appeared to have little impact on screen contact and entrainment, suggesting that approach velocity rather than mesh size is likely to be the primary consideration when developing screens. Until the effects of screen contacts on injury and survival of these species are better understood, it is recommended that approach velocities not exceed 0.1 m.sec−1 when the desire is to protect the largest range of species and size classes for lowland river fish assemblages in the Murray-Darling Basin. The field method tested proved to be a useful approach that could compliment laboratory studies to refine fish screen design and facilitate field validation.

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“…Koehn and Harrington (2006), Koehn et al (2004b), King and O'Connor (2007), Baumgartner et al (2006Baumgartner et al ( , 2009 An aggressive predator susceptible to angling; captured by commercial fishing operations in the past, some angler take (either illegally or through misidentification).…”

Section: Irrigation Infrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of the endangered trout cod, Maccullochella macquariensis: what have we achieved in more than 25 years?

Koehn

Lintermans

Lyon

et al. 2013

Mar. Freshwater Res.

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Abstract. Recovery of threatened species is often necessarily a long-term process. The present paper details the progress towards the recovery of trout cod, Maccullochella macquariensis, an iconic, long-lived fish species first listed as threatened in the 1980s. The objectives, actions and progress over three successive national recovery plans (spanning 18 years) are assessed, documenting changes to population distribution and abundance and updating ecological knowledge. Increased knowledge (especially breeding biology and hatchery techniques, movements, habitats and genetics) has greatly influenced recovery actions and the use of a population model was developed to assist with management options and stocking regimes. Key recovery actions include stocking of hatchery-produced fish to establish new populations, regulations on angling (including closures), education (particularly identification from the closely related Murray cod, M. peelii) and habitat rehabilitation (especially re-instatement of structural woody habitats). In particular, the establishment of new populations using hatchery stocking has been a successful action. The importance of a coordinated long-term approach is emphasised and, although there is uncertainty in ongoing resourcing of the recovery program, much has been achieved and there is cautious optimism for the future of this species.

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Native fish entrapment in irrigation systems: A step towards understanding the significance of the problem

Cited by 32 publications

References 5 publications

Assessing Juvenile Chinook Salmon Behavior and Entrainment Risk near Unscreened Water Diversions: Large Flume Simulations

Assessing Juvenile Chinook Salmon Behavior and Entrainment Risk near Unscreened Water Diversions: Large Flume Simulations

Influence of Approach Velocity and Mesh Size on the Entrainment and Contact of a Lowland River Fish Assemblage at a Screened Irrigation Pump

Recovery of the endangered trout cod, Maccullochella macquariensis: what have we achieved in more than 25 years?

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