Natural and Artificial Radionuclides in Selected Styrian Soils and Plants before and after the Reactor Accident in Chernobyl

Heinrich, Georg; Müller, H.; Oswald, K.; Gries, A.

doi:10.1016/s0015-3796(89)80157-x

Cited by 28 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…(Todorović, Popović, Ajtić, & Nikolić, ). However, 1 year after the Chernobyl reactor accident on 26 April 1986, horse‐chestnut leaves contained the highest levels of 40 K of any of the land plants tested (670 ± 15 Bq/kg dry mass; SD ); 2 years after the accident, levels had declined to 325 Bq/kg of 40 K along with 37 Bq/kg of 212 Pb and 11 Bq/kg of 208 Tl (Heinrich, Müller, Oswald, & Gries, ). Indeed, horse‐chestnut leaves have proved useful in tracking Pb isotopes as leaded petrol was phased out (Tomašević et al., ).…”

Section: Structure and Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Aesculus hippocastanum

et al. 2019

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This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Aesculus hippocastanum L. (horse‐chestnut) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history and conservation. Aesculus hippocastanum is a large deciduous tree native to the Balkan Peninsula. Native populations are small (<10,000 trees total) and apparently in decline, but the tree has been widely planted in gardens and streets across Europe and other temperate areas from the 17th century onwards. It was voted the UK's favourite tree in a 2017 poll. As a British neophyte, it is occasionally naturalised in open wooded habitats. Horse‐chestnut is renowned for the beauty of its large (up to 30 cm long), upright panicles of white flowers, and for the large seeds (up to 42 g each) used in the formerly common children's game of “conkers.” More recently, the triterpene glycosides, extractable from various plant parts but especially the seeds, have been widely used in medicine. In much of Europe, horse‐chestnut is affected by chestnut bleeding canker (caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi), the horse‐chestnut leaf miner Cameraria ohridella and the leaf blotch fungus Guignardia aesculi. The canker is likely to lead to death of <10% individuals, but seeds of plants infested with the leaf miner are 40%–50% smaller, which may affect long‐term establishment in non‐planted areas.

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Section: Structure and Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Aesculus hippocastanum

et al. 2019

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“…After the Chernobyl accident some investigators [8,17,18] found increase of the radiocesium activity concentration with time for selected species of lichens. The reasons could be the washing out of the radionuclide from roofs and tree stems or aeolian redistribution [8].…”

Section: научные статьиmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variations of 7Be, 40K, 134Cs and 137Cs in epiphytic lichens (genus Usnea) at the Sakhalin and Kunashir islands after the Fukushima accident

Рамзаев¹,

Barkovsky²,

Громов³

et al. 2016

Radiac. gig. (2008)

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Temporal variations of radionuclide levels in the epiphytic Usnea sp. lichens from the two islands Sakhalin and Kunashir, the Sakhalin region, Russia have been evaluated using the already published (2011)(2012)(2013) and new experimental data (2015). A total of 62 lichen samples were measured using high purity germanium γ-ray detectors and multichannel analyzers. In the period 2011-2015, activity concentrations of the anthropogenic radionuclides 134 Cs and 137 Cs and the natural radionuclides 7 Be and 40 K were found to be in the range of (<0.53)-41. 3, 0.55-50.6, 99-603 and 35-95 Bq kg -1 on dry weight, respectively. The activity concentrations of 134 Cs and 137 Cs in lichens were statistically significantly higher at Kunashir than at Sakhalin. The present-day levels of radiocesium activity concentrations in lichens are low: < 6 Bq kg -1 for 137 Cs and <1 Bq kg -1 for 134 Cs. A decline in the annual median 137 Cs activity concentrations in lichens from 2011 to 2015 corresponds to a biological half-life of 1.2 y for Kunashir and 1.1 y for Sakhalin. The activity concentrations of 137 Cs and 134 Cs in lichens were strongly correlated (r=0.978, P<0.01) and the 134 Cs biological half-life value of 1.2 y in the period 2011-2013 was similar to the corresponding 137 Cs biological half-life value. The soil-tolichens aggregated transfer factor, T ag , for 134 Cs at time t=0 after the Fukushima accident is calculated as 0.56 m 2 kg -1 at Sakhalin and 0.31 m 2 kg -1 at Kunashir. In contrast to radiocesium, the natural radionuclides 7 Be and 40 K did not show clear time-dependent variations in the Usnea lichens. No correlation was found between 7 Be and 40 K as well as between 40 K and cesium radioisotopes. However, positive and statistically significant (P<0.05) correlations were obtained between 7 Be and cesium radioisotopes. High abundance of the Usnea sp. lichens in the study area and large values of T ag for radiocesium in the lichens make these organisms suitable candidates for detection of low levels of airborne radioactive contamination of the environment.

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“…Mosses are able to capture up to 93% of airborne radionuclides (Heinrich et al 1989). Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) belongs among boreal forest plants that are spread mainly by the vegetative way of reproduction, creating dense intertwined root systems, where one plant often occupies an area of few square metres (Nimis 1996).…”

Section: Plant Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial environmental radionuclides in Europe and methods of lowering their foodstuff contamination – a review

et al. 2016

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This review discusses the consequences of the food chain contamination with radionuclides, especially focusing on the radiocaesium impact after the Chernobyl nuclear accident. In particular, the 137 Cs isotope still represents a risk. Until present it is still detectable in the meat of game animals, especially in wild boar, but also in elk and reindeer. Although the occurrence of highly contaminated foods in most of Europe is currently limited, along the German-Czech border (the Šumava Region) the activity concentration of the 137 Cs isotope in the meat of wild boar exceeds the acceptable limit several times. Additionally, the article describes simple processing technologies (cooking, pickling etc.) that lead to reduction of radionuclides in contaminated food.

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Natural and Artificial Radionuclides in Selected Styrian Soils and Plants before and after the Reactor Accident in Chernobyl

Cited by 28 publications

References 3 publications

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Aesculus hippocastanum

Biological Flora of the British Isles:Aesculus hippocastanum

Temporal variations of 7Be, 40K, 134Cs and 137Cs in epiphytic lichens (genus Usnea) at the Sakhalin and Kunashir islands after the Fukushima accident

Artificial environmental radionuclides in Europe and methods of lowering their foodstuff contamination – a review

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