Natural-Based Biomaterial for Skin Wound Healing (Gelatin vs. Collagen): Expert Review

Naomi, Ruth; Bahari, Hasnah; Ridzuan, Pauzi Muhd; Othman, Fezah

doi:10.3390/polym13142319

Cited by 117 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…At a later stage, this will be packed into a different dimension of hexagonal and quasi-hexagonal shapes to form fibrillar Col. Therefore, Col is commonly found as an elongated fibril [ 12 ]. Figure 1 shows the chemical structure of Col-I.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Insights into Collagen Type I

2021

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Collagen type I (Col-I) is unique due to its high biocompatibility in human tissue. Despite its availability from various sources, Col-I naturally mimics the extracellular matrix (ECM) and generally makes up the larger protein component (90%) in vasculature, skin, tendon bone, and other tissue. The acceptable physicochemical properties of native Col-I further enhance the incorporation of Col-I in various fields, including pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical, regenerative medicine, and clinical. This review aims to discuss Col-I, covering the structure, various sources of availability, native collagen synthesis, current extraction methods, physicochemical characteristics, applications in various fields, and biomarkers. The review is intended to provide specific information on Col-I currently available, going back five years. This is expected to provide a helping hand for researchers who are concerned about any development on collagen-based products particularly for therapeutic fields.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Col-I molecular mass is 300,000 Dalton, which is equivalent to 300,000 g/mol with the molecular formula C 2 H 5 NOC 5 H 9 NOC 5 H 10 NO 2 [ 12 ]. Post-translational enzymatic hydroxylation on specific proline and lysine occurs depending on the type of Col.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Insights into Collagen Type I

2021

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“…Commonly-used natural polymers for the fabrication of electrospun nanofibers include collagen, Gel, chitin, chitosan, and silk fibroin [ 15 , 16 ], whereas synthetic polymers include poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA), poly(glycolic acid) (PGA), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), and poly(p-dioxanone) (PPDO) [ 17 ]. Gel generated from collagen is a biocompatible and bio-absorbable natural polymer that has been widely utilized for the fabrication of wound dressings [ 18 , 19 ]. Importantly, Gel-based wound dressings exhibit ECM-like hydrogel characteristics, resulting in accelerated wound healing [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospun Methacrylated Gelatin/Poly(L-Lactic Acid) Nanofibrous Hydrogel Scaffolds for Potential Wound Dressing Application

et al. 2021

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Electrospun nanofiber mats have attracted intense attention as advanced wound dressing materials. The objective of this study was to fabricate methacrylated gelatin (MeGel)/poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) hybrid nanofiber mats with an extracellular matrix (ECM) mimicking nanofibrous structure and hydrogel-like properties for potential use as wound dressing materials. MeGel was first synthesized via the methacryloyl substitution of gelatin (Gel), a series of MeGel and PLLA blends with various mass ratios were electrospun into nanofiber mats, and a UV crosslinking process was subsequently utilized to stabilize the MeGel components in the nanofibers. All the as-crosslinked nanofiber mats exhibited smooth and bead-free fiber morphologies. The MeGel-containing and crosslinked nanofiber mats presented significantly improved hydrophilic properties (water contact angle = 0°; 100% wettability) compared to the pure PLLA nanofiber mats (~127°). The swelling ratio of crosslinked nanofiber mats notably increased with the increase of MeGel (143.6 ± 7.4% for PLLA mats vs. 875.0 ± 17.1% for crosslinked 1:1 MeGel/PLLA mats vs. 1135.2 ± 16.0% for crosslinked MeGel mats). The UV crosslinking process was demonstrated to significantly improve the structural stability and mechanical properties of MeGel/PLLA nanofiber mats. The Young’s modulus and ultimate strength of the crosslinked nanofiber mats were demonstrated to obviously decrease when more MeGel was introduced in both dry and wet conditions. The biological tests showed that all the crosslinked nanofiber mats presented great biocompatibility, but the crosslinked nanofiber mats with more MeGel were able to notably promote the attachment, growth, and proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts. Overall, this study demonstrates that our MeGel/PLLA blend nanofiber mats are attractive candidates for wound dressing material research and application.

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“…Natural polymers, such as hyaluronic acid, chitosan, and gelation, have excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and tissue affinity as compared with synthetic polymers ( Zhu et al, 2019 ; Naomi et al, 2021 ). Introducing natural polymers into synthetic hydrogel networks would be helpful for their biological activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Adhesive Antibacterial Bioactive Composite Hydrogels With Controllable Flexibility and Swelling as Wound Dressing for Full-Thickness Skin Healing

Lan

Zhu

Chen

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Polyzwitterionic hydrogels as skin wound dressings have been extensively studied owing to their superior antibacterial properties and skin adhesiveness, but their practical applications still suffer from a low adhesion strength and a high swelling ratio, which hinder the application of hydrogel for cutaneous healing. Here, we developed a novel biocompatible poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide (PolySBMA) composite hydrogel with high stretchability, low swelling, strong skin adhesiveness, and antibacterial effect for enhancing wound healing. Naturally rigid polymers including quaternized chitosan methacrylate (QCSMA) and gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) are used as bioactive cross-linkers to endow PolySBMA/QCSMA/GelMA (SQG) hydrogel with a low swelling ratio and high bioactivity. The optimized hydrogel has excellent mechanical flexibility, with the ultimate tensile strength, tensile strain, modulus, and toughness of up to 344.5 kPa, 364%, 14.7 kPa, and 33.4 kJ m−3, respectively. The adhesiveness of the hydrogel to the skin tissue is as high as 38.2 kPa, which is critical for stopping the bleeding from the wound. The synergistic contributions from the PolySBMA and QCSMA endow hydrogel with good antibacterial properties against both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli. Moreover, the natural polymer cross-linked polyzwitterionic hydrogel shows good cell activity, hemocompatibility, and histocompatibility. The in vivo full-thickness skin defect model demonstrates that the SQG hydrogel efficiently improves the granulation tissue formation and collagen deposition. In summary, such superiorly skin-adhesive antibacterial biocompatible hydrogel with controllable flexibility and swelling holds great promise as wound dressings for acute wounds.

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Natural-Based Biomaterial for Skin Wound Healing (Gelatin vs. Collagen): Expert Review

Cited by 117 publications

References 116 publications

Current Insights into Collagen Type I

Current Insights into Collagen Type I

Electrospun Methacrylated Gelatin/Poly(L-Lactic Acid) Nanofibrous Hydrogel Scaffolds for Potential Wound Dressing Application

Highly Adhesive Antibacterial Bioactive Composite Hydrogels With Controllable Flexibility and Swelling as Wound Dressing for Full-Thickness Skin Healing

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