Natural co-occurrence of aflatoxin B₁, fumonisin B₁and ochratoxin A in barley and corn foods from Korea

Abstract

A survey for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), fumonisin B1 and ochratoxin A (OTA) was conducted on 127 samples that included 30 food-grade barley, 32 barley foods, 18 food-grade corn and 47 corn foods, randomly collected during 1998-99 in Seoul, Korea. The presence of mycotoxins was analysed by direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and most of the positive samples from ELISA were confirmed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Recoveries of AFB1 and OTA spiked at 10 ng g(-1) and FB1 spiked at 50 ng g(-1) were 106, 87 and 105% by ELISA, whereas those by HPLC were 80, 79 and 84%, respectively. Detection limits by ELISA for AFB1, FB1 and OTA were 1, 5 and 5 ng g(-1), and those by HPLC were 0.6, 35 and 1 ng g(-1). Naturally occurring AFB1, FB1 and OTA were found in 4/32 (12%), 2/32(6%) and 4/32 (12%) samples of barley foods with an average of 26, 16 and 9 ng g(-1), respectively. AFB1 and FB1 in corn foods were detected in 4/47 (8%) and 9/47 (19%) samples with the average being 20 and 74 ng g(-1), while no OTA was found in any corn foods samples. No AFB1, FB1 or OTA was detected in any of food-grade barley and corn samples. This is the first report on the natural co-occurrence of AFB1 and FB1 in barley and corn foods as well as on surveillance of OTA in Korea.

Fate of Mycotoxins during Beer Brewing and Fermentation

“…Trichothecenes, OTA, and ZON have been frequently detected in barley, [2][3][4][5] which is the main raw material of beer, and AFB 1 and FMB 1 contamination has also been reported. 5) PAT has been recognized as a potential contaminant of malt made from barley. 6) Corn and rice have also been found contaminated with AFs, DON, OTA, FMs, and ZON.…”

Effect of Planting Density, Irrigation Regimes, and Maize Hybrids with Varying Ear Size on Yield, and Aflatoxin and Fumonisin Contamination Levels

“…Corn grain may be contaminated by both mycotoxins, which is expected to increase health risks. This regulatory environment has an important economic impact on the grain industry [1][2][3]31,32].…”

Development of an ELISA Reverse-Based Assay to Assess the Presence of Mycotoxins in Cereal Flour

“…Indeed, cereal samples are frequently simultaneously contaminated by aflatoxin B1, zearalenone, fumonisin B1, and other Fusarium mycotoxins as reported in scientific literature (Ono et al 2001;Park et al 2002;Schneider et al 2004). The need of simultaneous multi-analyte detection systems is also clearly expressed in Commission Recommendation 2006/576/EC concerning the threshold limits for mycotoxins in cereals and cereal products intended for animal feeding (European 2006c).…”