Natural Compounds: DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a multistep process which is modulated by several endogenous and environmental factors. Epigenetic changes have been found to be equally responsible for OSCC as genetic changes. A plethora of genes showing hypermethylation have been discovered in OSCC. Since these changes are reversible, a lot of emphasis is on using the natural compounds for their ability to cause demethylation which could lead to reactivation of the inactivated tumor suppressor genes. This review encompasses the promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes in OSCC and its possible reversal using natural compounds. In addition, new compounds which could be screened for their demethylating ability have also been proposed.

Prospected epigenetic moderators from natural sources and drug of class NSAIDS as effective treatment options to Prostate cancer

“…RSV has shown to suppress EGFR-dependent Erk1/2 activation stimulated by porbol ester and EGF in androgen independent PC-3 PC cell lines [99][100][101].Moreover, In past researches it has been found to restores the p53 acetylation via downregulating the overexpression of Metastatis-associated protein1(MTA1) which is linked to tumor aggressiveness and metastasis in PC cell lines [102]. As it is previously known in past researches hypermethylation in DNA results in silencing of tumor suppressor genes like GSTP1, RSV is also found to be restoring the functionality/enzymatic activity of such genes in different cancer s including PC via inhibition of DNA methyltransfereses enzyme [103][104][105][106]. Apart in Neuroblastoma solid tumor in pediatric RSV displayed ability to inhibit histone methytransferase EZH2 which is aberrantly over expressed in Neuroblastoma tumor further leading to its suppression [107].…”

DNA Methylation of T Lymphocytes as a Therapeutic Target: Implications for Rheumatoid Arthritis Etiology

“…This further suggests that the existing IL-6R therapy and JAK inhibitor therapy should be applied as soon as possible, and the mechanism may involve DNA methylation in RA. Some drugs or natural components could regulate DNA methylation or hydroxymethylation in diseases like cancer ( 115 , 116 ). Furthermore, while some of these may have a therapeutic effect in RA, they may not be active directly in treating RA by modulating the DNA methylation status.…”

Epigenetic Regulations of Perineural Invasion in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

“…Inhibition of HAT by small molecule inhibitor Hydrazinocurcumin (CTK7A) was proven to substantially reduce the xenografted oral tumor growth in mice ( Arif et al, 2010 ). Also, Zebularine is an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase, which seems to be effective in OSCC therapy ( Jha et al, 2015 ). In combination with cisplatin, Zebularine promotes cell death via an apoptotic pathway.…”