Natural Endotoxemia in Dogs—A Hidden Condition That Can Be Treated with a Potential Probiotic Containing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Pediococcus acidilactici: A Study Model

Matei, Maria-Cătălina; Andrei, Sanda; Buza, Victoria; Cernea, M.; Dumitraş, Daria-Antonia; Neagu, Daniela; Rafa, Horatiu; Popovici, Cristian; Szakacs, Andrei Radu; Cătinean, Adrian; Stefanut, Eugen; Ștefănuț, Laura Cristina

doi:10.3390/ani11051367

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It is a promising producer of enzymes, platform chemicals [ 28 , 29 , 30 ], antibiotics [ 31 , 32 ] and EPSs with antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities [ 33 , 34 ]. That is why the species is commonly used in the biocontrol of plant diseases [ 35 ] and the development of probiotics [ 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Exopolysaccharides Produced by Bacillus licheniformis 24 Display Substrate-Dependent Content and Antioxidant Activity

et al. 2021

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Bacillus licheniformis is a soil bacterium with many industrial applications. In addition to enzymes, platform chemicals, antibiotics and phytohormones, the species produces exopolysaccharides (EPSs) of various biological activities. This study revealed that Bulgarian isolate B. licheniformis 24 produced EPSs consisting of galactose, glucose and mannose with substrate-dependent ratio. From glucose, B. licheniformis 24 secreted EPS1, consisting of 54% galactose, 39% glucose and 7% mannose. From fructose, the strain formed EPS2, containing 51% glucose, 30% mannose and 19% galactose. Batch cultivation in flasks yielded 2.2–2.6 g/L EPS1 and 1.90–2.11 g/L EPS2. Four to five times higher yields of EPS were obtained from both substrates during batch and fed-batch processes in a fermenter at 37.8 °C, pH 6.2 and aeration 3.68 vvm. The batch process with 200 g/L of starting substrates received 9.64 g/L EPS1 and 6.29 g/L EPS2, reaching maximum values at the 33rd and 24th h, respectively. Fed-batch fermentation resulted in the highest yields, 12.61 g/L EPS1 and 7.03 g/L EPS2. In all processes, EPSs were produced only in the exponential growth phase. Both EPSs exhibited antioxidant activity, but EPS2 was much more potent in this regard, reaching 811 μM Vitamin C Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (versus 135 μM for EPS1). EPS1 displayed antibacterial activity against a non-O1 strain of Vibrio cholerae.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Exopolysaccharides Produced by Bacillus licheniformis 24 Display Substrate-Dependent Content and Antioxidant Activity

et al. 2021

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“…The multifaceted effects of probiotic B. subtilis have been extensively studied in animal models. Recent research has evaluated the effects of different strains of B. subtilis on health maintenance and disease resistance in pigs [30,31], dogs [32][33][34][35], and chickens [36][37][38][39] in terms of the probiotic potential to enhance health in pets and health/productivity in farm animals. However, this review primarily focuses on recent research utilizing various strains of B. subtilis in human populations.…”

Section: Effects Of Different Strains Of Probiotic Bacillus Subtilis ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spore-Based Probiotic Bacillus subtilis: Current Applications in Humans and Future Perspectives

Williams,

Weir

2024

Fermentation

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Bacillus subtilis has been used for more than 50 years in many different industrial applications, including farming, precision fermentation, and probiotic supplements. It is particularly attractive as a probiotic because of its ability to form shelf-stable, acid-resistant spores that lend to diverse applications in the food system. B. subtilis is the most ubiquitous species of the genus and can be isolated from a broad variety of environments including animal and human gastrointestinal (GI) tracts. This is a comprehensive review of human intervention studies utilizing B. subtilis as a probiotic for supporting gastrointestinal health, as well as the reported impacts of B. subtilis use on the human gut microbiota and other biomarkers of health. It briefly covers the fate of ingested spores in the GI tract, summarizes the observed effects of different probiotic B. subtilis strains, and offers a perspective for the continued and future uses of B. subtilis in human applications.

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Flavonoids in mitigating the adverse effects of canine endotoxemia

Móritz,

Kovács,

Jerzsele

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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In dogs, chronic enteropathies, and impaired gut integrity, as well as microbiome imbalances, are a major problem. These conditions may represent a continuous low endotoxin load, which may result in the development of diseases that are attributable to chronic inflammation. Flavonoids are polyphenolic plant compounds with numerous beneficial properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. For our experiments, we isolated primary white blood cells (peripheral blood mononuclear cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes) from healthy dogs and induced inflammation and oxidative stress with Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In parallel, we treated the cell cultures with various flavonoids luteolin, quercetin and grape seed extract oligomeric proanthocyanidins (GSOP) alone and also in combination with LPS treatments. Then, changes in viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels were measured in response to treatment with quercetin, luteolin and GSOP at 25 and 50 μg/mL concentrations. We found that ROS levels were significantly lower in groups which were treated by flavonoid and LPS at the same time compared to LPS-treated groups, whereas TNF-α levels were significantly reduced only by luteolin and quercetin treatment. In contrast, treatment with lower concentrations of GSOP caused an increase in TNF-α levels, while higher concentrations caused a significant decrease. These results suggest that the use of quercetin, luteolin and GSOP may be helpful in the management of chronic intestinal diseases in dogs with reduced intestinal barrier integrity or altered microbiome composition, or in the mitigation of chronic inflammatory processes maintained by endotoxemia. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed before clinical use.

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Natural Endotoxemia in Dogs—A Hidden Condition That Can Be Treated with a Potential Probiotic Containing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Pediococcus acidilactici: A Study Model

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

New Exopolysaccharides Produced by Bacillus licheniformis 24 Display Substrate-Dependent Content and Antioxidant Activity

New Exopolysaccharides Produced by Bacillus licheniformis 24 Display Substrate-Dependent Content and Antioxidant Activity

Spore-Based Probiotic Bacillus subtilis: Current Applications in Humans and Future Perspectives

Flavonoids in mitigating the adverse effects of canine endotoxemia

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