Natural exosome-like nanovesicles from edible tea flowers suppress metastatic breast cancer via ROS generation and microbiota modulation

Emergence of Edible Plant-Derived Nanovesicles as Functional Food Components and Nanocarriers for Therapeutics Delivery: Potentials in Human Health and Disease

“…In vivo biodistribution study of nanovesicles from tea flowers also showed accumulation in xenograft breast tumor sites, the liver, and the lung after i.v. injection or oral administration [ 65 ]. Of note is that fluorescence-labeled nanovesicles were accumulated in the tumor within 24 h of i.v.…”

“…Of note is that fluorescence-labeled nanovesicles were accumulated in the tumor within 24 h of i.v. injection, while it took 48 h for the oral administration, indicating that more nanovesicles may have ended up located in the intestines after oral administration [ 65 ]. Nevertheless, oral administration is the most preferred route and is patient-friendly due to non-invasiveness and convenience.…”

“…Anti-tumor effects of PDNVs have been tested in multiple cancer types and they consistently showed anti-proliferative effects that are greater in cancer cells than in non-cancerous cells: citrus limon-derived nanovesicles attenuated cell growth of tumor cells including A549, SW480, and LAMA84 but had no effects in HS5, HUVEC, and PBMC cells [ 24 ]; vesicles from lemon, grapefruit, and sweet and bitter oranges’ juice inhibited cell viability of MCF7, A549, and A375 but not human keratinocytes, HaCat cells [ 25 ]; nanovesicles from Dendropanax morbifera and Pinus densiflora sap suppressed cell viability in MDA-MB-231, MCF7, and A431 but not as much in MCF10A and human normal fibroblast cells [ 79 ]; garlic-derived nanovesicles caused apoptotic cell death in A498 and A549 carcinoma while HDF cells were unaffected [ 32 ]; edible tea flower-derived nanovesicles inhibited MCF-7, 4T1, A549, and HeLa cells but not HUVEC cells and HEK293T cells [ 65 ]; corn-derived nanovesicles inhibited colon26 cell growth but not NIH3T3 or RAW264.7 cells [ 28 ].…”

Hesperidin Inhibits Lung Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo Through PinX1

“…Based on the aforementioned results, we think hesperidin (80 μM) decreasing cell viability is mostly dependent on inhibiting tumor cell proliferation but does not exert cytotoxic effects. From the perspective of clinical use or future application, choosing the concentration at 80 μM for further investigation on migration and invasion assay is reasonable, and many studies have performed the same (Chen et al, 2022;Jiang et al, 2022;Li et al, 2022) Moreover, in the cell viability assay, cells were in a logarithmic growth phase, and in the wound healing assay, cells were in a plateau phase. Cells in this phase did not proliferate, and we added 2% FBS to maintain the basic metabolism of the cells.…”

Unconventional Secretion of Plant Extracellular Vesicles and Their Benefits to Human Health: A Mini Review

“…When intravenous administration of edible tea flower nanoparticles was compared to oral administration, no difference was noted in terms of body weight and main pro-inflammatory cytokines levels. However, a sharp increase of complement C3 concentrations was detected, suggesting a slight immune reaction induced by these nanoparticles when they are administered intravenously (IV) ( Chen et al, 2022 ). Other studies have suggested that IV administration of ginger derived exosome-like nanovesicles (GDELN) did not promote an immune reaction, though only body weight was examined ( Li et al, 2018 ).…”