Natural gas as a bridge to hydrogen transportation fuel: Insights from the literature

Ogden, Joan M.; Jaffe, Amy Myers; Scheitrum, Daniel; McDonald, Zane; Miller, Marshall

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2017.12.049

Cited by 201 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The scenario encompasses future hydrogen markets of local buses, non-electrified trains, passenger cars, trucks, material handling vehicles (MHV) and the chemical industry. 4 Fig. 7 presents the scenario-based, temporal evolution of hydrogen demand as well as its structure, showing the relative weight of each market.…”

Section: Countrywide Cost Of Pipeline Reassignmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two most discussed options arising for hydrogen delivery via NG pipelines are: hydrogen blending and NG pipeline reassignment for pure hydrogen transport. In the case of hydrogen blending into NG, recent studies indicate substantial limitations regarding greenhouse gas emissions reduction, mainly caused by technical blending limitations and difficulties in the hydrogen separation process [4]. Therefore, this study will focus on NG pipeline reassignment for hydrogen delivery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Options of natural gas pipeline reassignment for hydrogen: Cost assessment for a Germany case study

Cerniauskas

Junco

Grube

et al. 2020

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

168

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The uncertain role of the natural gas infrastructure in the decarbonized energy system and the limitations of hydrogen blending raise the question of whether natural gas pipelines can be economically utilized for the transport of hydrogen. To investigate this question, this study derives cost functions for the selected pipeline reassignment methods. By applying geospatial hydrogen supply chain modeling, the technical and economic potential of natural gas pipeline reassignment during a hydrogen market introduction is assessed.The results of this study show a technically viable potential of more than 80% of the analyzed representative German pipeline network. By comparing the derived pipeline cost functions it could be derived that pipeline reassignment can reduce the hydrogen transmission costs by more than 60%. Finally, a countrywide analysis of pipeline availability constraints for the year 2030 shows a cost reduction of the transmission system by 30% in comparison to a newly built hydrogen pipeline system.The technical viability of pipeline reassignment relies on the capability of minimizing material failure due to hydrogen-induced damage and enabling secure hydrogen delivery. Hydrogeninduced material fracturing is caused by hydrogen permeation into the crystalline steel structure, and serves to diminish the material's mechanical properties, which are required for proper pipeline utilization [10]. The underlying hydrogen-induced material fracturing mechanisms of carbon steels are well understood, and is one of the reasons for equipment failure in the oil and gas industry [10,11]. Drawing on the analyses in the literature, this study will focus on the two main mechanisms of pipeline material degradation that most likely result in the premature failure of conventional steel, namely: the degradation of heat-affected zones (HAZ) and fatigue crack propagation (FCP) in the base pipeline material [12]. Degradation of the HAZ occurs due to hydrogen-induced subcritical crack growth under static load in pipeline welds, while the hydrogen-induced FCP rate increase takes place in the base material of the pipeline.The two aforementioned mechanisms have been analyzed in the literature with the result that the use of pipeline steel X70 is found to be a suitable option to eliminate the former, and to partially address the latter degradation mechanism [12][13][14][15][16][17]. Xu investigated the subcritical crack growth of the HAZ in pipeline segments of steel X70 and X42, with his results showing no sign of subcritical crack growth in either type of steel [15]. Similar tests conducted on X70 steel to assess the resistance of these materials to subcritical cracking in 6.9 and 4.1 MPa hydrogen gas partial pressures reported no subcritical crack growth for either type [12].Lastly, Raymond et al. reported that steels with a yield strength ranging from 200 to 580 MPa will not show signs of subcritical crack growth under static loads when exposed to a gaseous hydrogen environment [16]. In the case of steel type X70, the yield stren...

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Section: Countrywide Cost Of Pipeline Reassignmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Options of natural gas pipeline reassignment for hydrogen: Cost assessment for a Germany case study

Cerniauskas

Junco

Grube

et al. 2020

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

168

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, some study predicted that NG could be a "bridge" fuel to the potential use of hydrogen in fuel cell vehicles. 13 It can be concluded that it is feasible to build the hydrogen refueling area on exiting NG refueling station from the aspect of technology. From the aspect of regulation in China, the hydrogen refueling code "Technical Code for Hydrogen Refueling Stations" (GB50516-2010) 14 has prescribed the safety requirement for constructing NG and hydrogen hybrid station.…”

Section: Feasibility Of Building Hydrogen Refueling Area On Existinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present study, the standard decision matrix "D" of step 1 in TOPSIS can be built as following based on the functions from (6) : (12) As shown in Table 7, the modulus of different objective attributes has set to be the same dimension and unit ($), which corresponding has completed the step 2 of TOPSIS, computing normalized and the weighted normalized decision matrices. Because all the three objectives of Table 7 are optimal for minimizing value, in step 3 of TOPSIS, the positive ideal (A * ) and negativeideal solutions (A − ) are determined using (13) and (14) where I' is associated with the cost attributes, j means the plan from number 1 to 6, i means the five subobjectives (FCC, TOC, ToGWP, TTR, and TSR) in Table 7.…”

Section: Optimal Selection Of Hydrogen Refueling Planmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Certain NG station equipment and NG pipelines were identified as possibly compatible with hydrogen. Furthermore, some study predicted that NG could be a “bridge” fuel to the potential use of hydrogen in fuel cell vehicles . It can be concluded that it is feasible to build the hydrogen refueling area on exiting NG refueling station from the aspect of technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Addition of hydrogen refueling for fuel cell bus fleet to existing natural gas stations: A case study in Wuhan, China

Long

Sui

et al. 2019

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Hydrogen refueling is an essential infrastructure for fuel cell vehicles, and currently, it appears to be a critical service needed to initiate the highly anticipated hydrogen economy in China. A practical selecting procedure of adding hydrogen refueling service to existing natural gas (NG) stations is proposed in this study. A case study in Wuhan, China, is established to assess the feasibility and future planning. The demand for hydrogen fuel and initial supply chain of hydrogen in Wuhan are estimated based on the deployment objective of fuel cell buses. The existing NG stations are evaluated based on 300 kg/day to determine whether they meet the hydrogen safety requirement using Google map or field investigation. The safety space requirement of the hydrogen refueling area on existing NG station is determined as 25.9 × 27.1 m2. The optimal hydrogen refueling plan for fuel cell buses is calculated with multi‐objective analysis in economic, environmental, and safety aspects from the view of the hydrogen refueling supply chain. It is shown that adding hydrogen refueling stations to existing NG stations is feasible in technology, economics, regulation, and operation considerations. This study provides guidelines for building the hydrogen infrastructure for fuel cell buses at their early stage of commercial operation.

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Pipeline Integrity Management

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Natural gas as a bridge to hydrogen transportation fuel: Insights from the literature

Cited by 201 publications

References 16 publications

Options of natural gas pipeline reassignment for hydrogen: Cost assessment for a Germany case study

Options of natural gas pipeline reassignment for hydrogen: Cost assessment for a Germany case study

Addition of hydrogen refueling for fuel cell bus fleet to existing natural gas stations: A case study in Wuhan, China

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